Inflammation and Wound Healing

Question 1

Types of inflammation

Answer 1

Acute
Subacute
Chronic

Question 2

Clinical manifestations Inflammatory Response

Answer 2

Redness, heat, swelling pain
Fever
Prodrome, chill, flush, defervescence

Question 3

Nursing Management: Inflammation and Healing

Answer 3

vObservation and vital signs
vFever
• Rest
• Ice and heat
• Compression and immobilization
• Elevation
• Wound management
• Purpose: cleaning and debriding the wound to remove debris and dead tissue from the wound bed, (b) controlling inflammation and treating infection to prepare the wound for healing, and (c) providing moisture balance for healable wounds, and moisture reduction for nonhealable and maintenance wounds 
vRed wound
vYellow wound
• Black wound
• Negative-pressure wound therapy
• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
• Electrical stimulation

Question 4

Pressure Injuries Goals

Answer 4

• No deterioration of the ulcer stage
• Reduction or elimination of the factors that lead to pressure injuries
• Improved nutritional status
• Increased mobility
• Not development of an infection in the pressure injury
• Healing of pressure injuries
• No recurrence
• The client should be repositioned frequently to prevent pressure injuries
• Devices to reduce pressure and shearing force (e.g., alternating pressure mattresses, foam mattresses, lift sheets, wheelchair cushions, padded commode seats, heel boots [foam, air]) should be used, as appropriate

Question 5

Types of exudate

Answer 5

Serous Results from fluid that has low cell and protein content; seen in early stages of inflammation or when injury is mild Skin blisters, pleural effusion

Catarrhal Found in tissues in which cells produce mucus; mucus production is accelerated by inflammatory response Runny nose in association with upper respiratory tract infection

Fibrinous Occurs with increasing vascular permeability and fibrinogen leakage into interstitial spaces; excessive amounts of fibrin coating of tissue surfaces may cause tissues to adhere Adhesions

Purulent (pus) Consists of WBCs, microorganisms (dead and alive), liquefied dead cells, and other debris Furuncle (boil), abscess, cellulitis (diffuse inflammation in connective tissue)

Hemorrhagic