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Anatomy > Muscular system test > Flashcards

Muscular system test Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal muscles?

A

muscle connected to the skeleton to form part of the mechanical system that moves the limbs and other body parts

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2
Q

visceral muscles

A

muscle tissue that contract without conscious control

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3
Q

cardiac muscle

A

type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls and is the foundation of the heart

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4
Q

epimysium

A

fibrous sheath around an entire skeletal muscle

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5
Q

perimysium

A

sheath of connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers

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6
Q

endomysium

A

sheath of delicate reticular fibris that surround each muscle fiber

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7
Q

myofibrils

A

any of he elongated contractible threads found in striated muscle cells

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8
Q

irritability

A

ability of an organism or a specific tissue to react to the environment like cramping bc of the cold

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9
Q

contractility

A

ability to contract, possessed by skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle cells

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10
Q

extensibility

A

muscles can be stretched to their normal resting length and beyond to a certain degree

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11
Q

elasticity

A

ability of tissue to regain its original shape after being stretched, squeezed, or otherwise deformed

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12
Q

motor neuron

A

nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal chord to a muscle or gland

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13
Q

oxygen debt

A

amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue to oxidize lactic acid and replenish diminished ATP

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14
Q

single twitch

A

contraction resulting from a threshold stimulus, smallest threshold stimuli to create a contraction

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15
Q

muscle tone

A

internal state of muscle fiber tension within individual muscles

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16
Q

contraction phase

A

when tension rises to its peak

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17
Q

relaxation phase

A

when the heart relaxses after contraction in preparation for refilling with circulating blood

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18
Q

What is the function of tendons

A

tendons connect muscle to the bones

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19
Q

what is tendonitis

A

inflammation of a tendon, most commonly from overuse but also from infection or rheumatic disease.

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20
Q

What are 2 possible reasons why a skeletal muscle may not work?

A

paralysis and atrophy

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21
Q

what is paralysis

A

nerve damage

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22
Q

what is atrophy

A

when muscles are painful to move because they have not been used over time

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23
Q

why are steroids used and what are they?

A

chemical additive used to enhance (promote) muscle development

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24
Q

why are steroids potentially dangerous?

A

the heart is muscular and many negative side effects come from using them

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25
Q

What is the association between the muscular system and nerves?

A

muscular system needs a nerve connect for motion. if the nerves are blocked it causes paralysis

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26
Q

What is a twitch

A

involuntary movement (associated with nerve connection) - cannot always be controlled

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27
Q

What are two good examples of twitches

A

eye twitch and heart flutter (change in beat)

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28
Q

Why is adolescence a great time to begin body building

A

the muscles are still in the process of developing and are very flexible

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29
Q

What is the value of daily exercise on the muscular system

A

it keeps the muscles in shape throughout life

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30
Q

describe a heart attack from a muscular perspective

A

the muscles of the heart stop because of many reasons

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31
Q

what are the treatments of a heart attack and

A

5 min (CPR) to restore function (lack of O2 kills brain cells), improved diet, exercise helps along with meds and possible surgery

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32
Q

What happens when a muscle experiences oxygen debt

A

muscle can no longer contract and it shuts down or no longer works

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33
Q

How does a muscle contract?

A

they attach, pivot (move), detach (stretch) and return

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34
Q

What effects (list 3) does the process of aging have on the muscular system?

A
  1. less elasticity 2. less strength/power 3. reduction in size of a muscle
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35
Q

What is atrophy and give 2 examples?

A

inadequate stimulation causes muscles to decrease in size ex. old people confined to bed try to walk do not have the muscle strength anymore, you break a leg and have to try and walk again

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36
Q

Why is muscle tone dependent upon consciousness? What happens to tone in unconscious state and why?

A

muscle tone connected to the brain. when consciousness is lost, muscles lose tone

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37
Q

What is muscle tone and what is it responsible for in the body?

A

muscle tone is when muscle is always slightly flexed in resting position. ex body exits like bathroom functions. body holds it inside without you thinking (he told me this)

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38
Q

Explain contractibility

A

muscles get shorter and thicker

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39
Q

Explain extensibility

A

how far the muscle can extend

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40
Q

Explain elasticity

A

ability for muscle to return back to original shape and size

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41
Q

Muscles contain? (4 things)

A

fibers, water, O2, 2 points of attachment

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42
Q

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?

A

voluntary muscles are muscles you choose to move and involuntary muscles like your heart automatically without you having conscious control

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43
Q

What are 3 main types of muscles and give 1 example of each type?

A

skeletal muscles (biceps), cardiac muscle (heart), and smooth/visceral muscle (muscles that hold waste inside)

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44
Q

Compare the total number and location of muscles to bones in the body?

A
  • 600+ muscles to 206 bones - 3 to 1 ratio - allows for wide and varied movements
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45
Q

What is fibrosis?

A

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury. it is called a scar

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46
Q

What is a muscle cramp

A

involuntary contractions of one or more muscles

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47
Q

What is muscular dystrophy

A

genetic disorder that weakens the muscles overtime

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48
Q

What is a Hernia

A

organ pushes through an opening in muscle or tissue that holds it in place

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49
Q

What is a twitch

A

small muscle contractions of the body

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50
Q

What is a heart attack (as a muscle)

A

blood flow to muscle is severely reduced or cut off

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51
Q

What is ALS (Lou Gehrig Disease)

A

progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in brain and spinal chord

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52
Q

What is tendonitis

A

irritation, inflammation, or microscopic tears of tendon

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53
Q

What is carpel tunnel syndrome

A

pinched nerve in hand or arm

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54
Q

What is myalgia

A

pain in muscles

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55
Q

What is polio

A

highly infectious disease

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56
Q

What is ataxia

A

loss of control of bodily movements

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57
Q

What is myopathy

A

disease in the muscle tissue

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58
Q

What causes atrophy?

A

lack of physical activity or disease

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59
Q

What causes fibrosis

A

when immune cells release soluble factors that stimulate fibroblasts

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60
Q

What causes muscle cramping

A

muscle fatigue, dehydration, magnesium, and or potasium deficiency

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61
Q

What causes muscular dystrophy

A

genetics

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62
Q

What causes a hernia

A

age, chronic coughing, damage from injury or surgery, abdominal wall don’t close in birth

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63
Q

What causes a twitch

A

small muscle contractions of the body

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64
Q

What causes a heart attack

A

arteries blocked by fat, cholesterol, and build up of plaque

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65
Q

What causes ALS

A

environment and eugenic factors

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66
Q

What causes tendonitis

A

overuse, or overload

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67
Q

What causes carpel tunnel syndrome

A

overuse, obesity, diabetes, arthritis, repeated motions

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68
Q

What causes myalgia

A

muscle tension, overuse, strains and pain, medical conditions

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What causes polio

A

transmission through fecal matter ex. dirty water, spread through sneeze or cough

70
Q

What causes ataxia

A

multiple sclerosis injury, stroke, genes, or tumor

71
Q

What causes myopathy

A

genetics

72
Q

how do you treat atrophy

A

exercise, physical therapy, ultrasound therapy, surgery, and diet changes

73
Q

how do you treat fibrosis

A

diet, activity, medical care, and surgery

74
Q

how do you treat muscle cramps

A

stretching, hydration, eat foods high in calcium, magnesium, and vitamins

75
Q

how do you treat muscular dystrophy

A

no cure, can take medications, do physical therapy, and surgery

76
Q

how do you treat a hernia

A

lifestyle changes (diet), medication, and surgery

77
Q

how do you treat a twitch

A

diet, stop smoking, exercise

78
Q

how do you treat a heart attack

A

medication, surgical procedures, and implantable medical devices

79
Q

how do you treat ALS

A

therapy to prolong symptoms but death is inevitable

80
Q

how do you treat tendonitis

A

rest, ice, heat, brace, medication, therapy, and surgery

81
Q

how do you treat carpel tunnel syndrome

A

stretching, splint, ice, surgery, rest, medication

82
Q

how do you treat myalgia

A

meds, stretching, hydration, exercise

83
Q

how do you treat polio

A

prevented by a vaccine at birth

84
Q

how do you treat ataxia

A

therapy, counseling, supplements and nutrition, and medication

85
Q

how do you treat myopathy

A

surgery, diet, drug therapy, and medication

86
Q

muscle connected to the skeleton to form part of the mechanical system that moves the limbs and other body parts

A

skeletal muscles?

87
Q

muscle tissue that contract without conscious control

A

visceral muscles

88
Q

type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls and is the foundation of the heart

A

cardiac muscle

89
Q

fibrous sheath around an entire skeletal muscle

A

epimysium

90
Q

sheath of connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers

A

perimysium

91
Q

sheath of delicate reticular fibris that surround each muscle fiber

A

endomysium

92
Q

any of he elongated contractible threads found in striated muscle cells

A

myofibrils

93
Q

ability of an organism or a specific tissue to react to the environment like cramping bc of the cold

A

irritability

94
Q

ability to contract, possessed by skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle cells

A

contractility

95
Q

muscles can be stretched to their normal resting length and beyond to a certain degree

A

extensibility

96
Q

ability of tissue to regain its original shape after being stretched, squeezed, or otherwise deformed

A

elasticity

97
Q

nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal chord to a muscle or gland

A

motor neuron

98
Q

amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue to oxidize lactic acid and replenish diminished ATP

A

oxygen debt

99
Q

contraction resulting from a threshold stimulus, smallest threshold stimuli to create a contraction

A

single twitch

100
Q

internal state of muscle fiber tension within individual muscles

A

muscle tone

101
Q

when tension rises to its peak

A

contraction phase

102
Q

when the heart relaxses after contraction in preparation for refilling with circulating blood

A

relaxation phase

103
Q

tendons connect muscle to the bones

A

What is the function of tendons

104
Q

inflammation of a tendon, most commonly from overuse but also from infection or rheumatic disease.

A

what is tendonitis

105
Q

paralysis and atrophy

A

What are 2 possible reasons why a skeletal muscle may not work?

106
Q

nerve damage

A

what is paralysis

107
Q

when muscles are painful to move because they have not been used over time

A

what is atrophy

108
Q

chemical additive used to enhance (promote) muscle development

A

why are steroids used and what are they?

109
Q

the heart is muscular and many negative side effects come from using them

A

why are steroids potentially dangerous?

110
Q

muscular system needs a nerve connect for motion. if the nerves are blocked it causes paralysis

A

What is the association between the muscular system and nerves?

111
Q

involuntary movement (associated with nerve connection) - cannot always be controlled

A

What is a twitch

112
Q

eye twitch and heart flutter (change in beat)

A

What are two good examples of twitches

113
Q

the muscles are still in the process of developing and are very flexible

A

Why is adolescence a great time to begin body building

114
Q

it keeps the muscles in shape throughout life

A

What is the value of daily exercise on the muscular system

115
Q

the muscles of the heart stop because of many reasons

A

describe a heart attack from a muscular perspective

116
Q

5 min (CPR) to restore function (lack of O2 kills brain cells), improved diet, exercise helps along with meds and possible surgery

A

what are the treatments of a heart attack and

117
Q

muscle can no longer contract and it shuts down or no longer works

A

What happens when a muscle experiences oxygen debt

118
Q

they attach, pivot (move), detach (stretch) and return

A

How does a muscle contract?

119
Q
  1. less elasticity 2. less strength/power 3. reduction in size of a muscle
A

What effects (list 3) does the process of aging have on the muscular system?

120
Q

inadequate stimulation causes muscles to decrease in size ex. old people confined to bed try to walk do not have the muscle strength anymore, you break a leg and have to try and walk again

A

What is atrophy and give 2 examples?

121
Q

muscle tone connected to the brain. when consciousness is lost, muscles lose tone

A

Why is muscle tone dependent upon consciousness? What happens to tone in unconscious state and why?

122
Q

muscle tone is when muscle is always slightly flexed in resting position. ex body exits like bathroom functions. body holds it inside without you thinking (he told me this)

A

What is muscle tone and what is it responsible for in the body?

123
Q

muscles get shorter and thicker

A

Explain contractibility

124
Q

how far the muscle can extend

A

Explain extensibility

125
Q

ability for muscle to return back to original shape and size

A

Explain elasticity

126
Q

fibers, water, O2, 2 points of attachment

A

Muscles contain? (4 things)

127
Q

voluntary muscles are muscles you choose to move and involuntary muscles like your heart automatically without you having conscious control

A

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?

128
Q

skeletal muscles (biceps), cardiac muscle (heart), and smooth/visceral muscle (muscles that hold waste inside)

A

What are 3 main types of muscles and give 1 example of each type?

129
Q
  • 600+ muscles to 206 bones - 3 to 1 ratio - allows for wide and varied movements
A

Compare the total number and location of muscles to bones in the body?

130
Q

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury. it is called a scar

A

What is fibrosis?

131
Q

involuntary contractions of one or more muscles

A

What is a muscle cramp

132
Q

genetic disorder that weakens the muscles overtime

A

What is muscular dystrophy

133
Q

organ pushes through an opening in muscle or tissue that holds it in place

A

What is a Hernia

134
Q

small muscle contractions of the body

A

What is a twitch

135
Q

blood flow to muscle is severely reduced or cut off

A

What is a heart attack (as a muscle)

136
Q

progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in brain and spinal chord

A

What is ALS (Lou Gehrig Disease)

137
Q

irritation, inflammation, or microscopic tears of tendon

A

What is tendonitis

138
Q

pinched nerve in hand or arm

A

What is carpel tunnel syndrome

139
Q

pain in muscles

A

What is myalgia

140
Q

highly infectious disease

A

What is polio

141
Q

loss of control of bodily movements

A

What is ataxia

142
Q

disease in the muscle tissue

A

What is myopathy

143
Q

lack of physical activity or disease

A

What causes atrophy?

144
Q

when immune cells release soluble factors that stimulate fibroblasts

A

What causes fibrosis

145
Q

muscle fatigue, dehydration, magnesium, and or potasium deficiency

A

What causes muscle cramping

146
Q

genetics

A

What causes muscular dystrophy

147
Q

age, chronic coughing, damage from injury or surgery, abdominal wall don’t close in birth

A

What causes a hernia

148
Q

small muscle contractions of the body

A

What causes a twitch

149
Q

arteries blocked by fat, cholesterol, and build up of plaque

A

What causes a heart attack

150
Q

environment and eugenic factors

A

What causes ALS

151
Q

overuse, or overload

A

What causes tendonitis

152
Q

overuse, obesity, diabetes, arthritis, repeated motions

A

What causes carpel tunnel syndrome

153
Q

muscle tension, overuse, strains and pain, medical conditions

A

What causes myalgia

154
Q

transmission through fecal matter ex. dirty water, spread through sneeze or cough

A

What causes polio

155
Q

multiple sclerosis injury, stroke, genes, or tumor

A

What causes ataxia

156
Q

genetics

A

What causes myopathy

157
Q

exercise, physical therapy, ultrasound therapy, surgery, and diet changes

A

how do you treat atrophy

158
Q

diet, activity, medical care, and surgery

A

how do you treat fibrosis

159
Q

stretching, hydration, eat foods high in calcium, magnesium, and vitamins

A

how do you treat muscle cramps

160
Q

no cure, can take medications, do physical therapy, and surgery

A

how do you treat muscular dystrophy

161
Q

lifestyle changes (diet), medication, and surgery

A

how do you treat a hernia

162
Q

diet, stop smoking, exercise

A

how do you treat a twitch

163
Q

medication, surgical procedures, and implantable medical devices

A

how do you treat a heart attack

164
Q

therapy to prolong symptoms but death is inevitable

A

how do you treat ALS

165
Q

rest, ice, heat, brace, medication, therapy, and surgery

A

how do you treat tendonitis

166
Q

stretching, splint, ice, surgery, rest, medication

A

how do you treat carpel tunnel syndrome

167
Q

meds, stretching, hydration, exercise

A

how do you treat myalgia

168
Q

prevented by a vaccine at birth

A

how do you treat polio

169
Q

therapy, counseling, supplements and nutrition, and medication

A

how do you treat ataxia

170
Q

surgery, diet, drug therapy, and medication

A

how do you treat myopathy

Anatomy (6 decks)

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