First test on intro to anatomy Flashcards
What is Anatomy?
the study of the human body STRUCTURES
What is Physiology?
The study of the human body FUNCTIONS
examples of anatomy?
structure of the eye, ankle, leg etc…
examples of physiology?
ex. coordination, sensations, feelings, functions of the brain, balance, sweating, bleeding, temperature control
What is the relationship between Anatomy and Physiology
they are married
What is pathology?
An abnormal disease, disfunction
what is an example of pathology (disease)?
alzheimers
what is an example of pathology (disfunction)?
abnormality of the hand is arthritis, a joint disease
What do they look for in post death pathology?
what went wrong that caused the person to die, or the disfunction
What is Homeostasis?
The internal balance (everything is working properly), everything is “normal”, all systems are a go, and “PERFECT HEALTH”
What are some qualifications for perfect health?
•Steady heart rate • proper body weight per height/gender • bloodsugar • 20/20 vision • functioning joints • proper respiration • hand/eye coordination • good mineral intake • healthy metabolism
What is the Median/Medial area of the body?
divides the Body vertically down middle (divides right and left sides) - nose is median - men and female genitals
What is the transverse area of the body?
Divides the Body horizontally across the waist (divides top and bottom)
What is the upper part of the body called referenced from the transverse area?
superior
What is the lower part of the body called referenced from the transverse area?
inferior
What is on the front part of the body?
coronal, frontal, ventral (eyebrows, knees), anterior
What is on the backside of the body?
Dorsal, Posterior
what is the cranial?
the head region
What is the Caudal?
closer to feet
what are three main areas of the body?
cranium, thorax, and spinal chord
What is body symmetry?
internally and externally the body is equal - can be slight margin of error - one eye is slightly higher than other
What are examples of body symmetry
- ovary on right and ovary on left - same brain matter on right and elft side
How many levels are there of internal organization?
4
What are the 4 levels of internal organization?
Cells, Groups of cells with specific function, organs, and systems
Define the CELL level of organization and what level is it out of the four?
basic units of life, first
Define the groups of cells with specific function level of organization and what level is it out of the four?
blood, nerves, muscles, and coverings
What does the second level of inertial organization believe in?
cell specialization
What is cell specialization?
- blood cell is differnt than nerve cell - muscle cell is different than skin cell
What is the third level of internal organization?
Organs
Define the Organ level of organization?
groups of tissue with a major function
what are examples of organs?
heart, brain, skin, 2 lungs, etc…
what are systems?
groups of organs with big functions
what is homeostasis?
all systems go
clinical death?
when the heart stops completely
when is the person pronounced dead and paper is signed?
death certificate is determined and signed when heart stops beating
what is brain death?
this means there is no brain function ( has to be zero) BUT the heart beats while assisted by a machine or naturally
what happens to the brain cells in brain death?
they do not replace themselves
T or F. It is possible for people to live for up to months after being pronounced brain dead do to machine help?
true
who helps transition the patient and the parents through the tough brain dead time?
team of hospis people
average life expectancy in 2016?
79
why has age increased?
- jump in life years is because of techonology (diagnostic tests), and medical advances/procedures
what is the top method of death?
Heart Related (strokes, aneurysms)
what is the second top method of death?
Cancer
What is the third top method of death?
Accidental or Non - Medical (includes suicide) non medical is most addictions
what does non medical include?
most addictions
the study of the human body STRUCTURES
What is Anatomy?
The study of the human body FUNCTIONS
What is Physiology?
structure of the eye, ankle, leg etc…
examples of anatomy?
ex. coordination, sensations, feelings, functions of the brain, balance, sweating, bleeding, temperature control
examples of physiology?
they are married
What is the relationship between Anatomy and Physiology
An abnormal disease, disfunction
What is pathology?
alzheimers
what is an example of pathology (disease)?
abnormality of the hand is arthritis, a joint disease
what is an example of pathology (disfunction)?
what went wrong that caused the person to die, or the disfunction
What do they look for in post death pathology?
The internal balance (everything is working properly), everything is “normal”, all systems are a go, and “PERFECT HEALTH”
What is Homeostasis?
•Steady heart rate • proper body weight per height/gender • bloodsugar • 20/20 vision • functioning joints • proper respiration • hand/eye coordination • good mineral intake • healthy metabolism
What are some qualifications for perfect health?
divides the Body vertically down middle (divides right and left sides) - nose is median - men and female genitals
What is the Median/Medial area of the body?
Divides the Body horizontally across the waist (divides top and bottom)
What is the transverse area of the body?
superior
What is the upper part of the body called referenced from the transverse area?
inferior
What is the lower part of the body called referenced from the transverse area?
coronal, frontal, ventral (eyebrows, knees), anterior
What is on the front part of the body?
Dorsal, Posterior
What is on the backside of the body?
the head region
what is the cranial?
closer to feet
What is the Caudal?
cranium, thorax, and spinal chord
what are three main areas of the body?
internally and externally the body is equal - can be slight margin of error - one eye is slightly higher than other
What is body symmetry?
- ovary on right and ovary on left - same brain matter on right and elft side
What are examples of body symmetry
4
How many levels are there of internal organization?
Cells, Groups of cells with specific function, organs, and systems
What are the 4 levels of internal organization?
basic units of life, first
Define the CELL level of organization and what level is it out of the four?
blood, nerves, muscles, and coverings
Define the groups of cells with specific function level of organization and what level is it out of the four?
cell specialization
What does the second level of inertial organization believe in?
- blood cell is differnt than nerve cell - muscle cell is different than skin cell
What is cell specialization?
Organs
What is the third level of internal organization?
groups of tissue with a major function
Define the Organ level of organization?
heart, brain, skin, 2 lungs, etc…
what are examples of organs?
groups of organs with big functions
what are systems?
all systems go
what is homeostasis?
when the heart stops completely
clinical death?
death certificate is determined and signed when heart stops beating
when is the person pronounced dead and paper is signed?
this means there is no brain function ( has to be zero) BUT the heart beats while assisted by a machine or naturally
what is brain death?
they do not replace themselves
what happens to the brain cells in brain death?
true
T or F. It is possible for people to live for up to months after being pronounced brain dead do to machine help?
team of hospis people
who helps transition the patient and the parents through the tough brain dead time?
79
average life expectancy in 2016?
- jump in life years is because of techonology (diagnostic tests), and medical advances/procedures
why has age increased?
Heart Related (strokes, aneurysms)
what is the top method of death?
Cancer
what is the second top method of death?
Accidental or Non - Medical (includes suicide) non medical is most addictions
What is the third top method of death?
most addictions
what does non medical include?
what are 4 risk factors of conracting cancer?
hereditary, smoking (except for a cigar in the summer), poor nutrition, and exposure to chemicals
What does the term Metastisis mean?
spreading of cancer from one site (primary) to another (secondary)
3 basic treatments of cancer and describe them
surgery (removal), raditation therapy (laser or radioactivity), and chemotherapy (drug therapy)
Benign Tumor?
a growth with no cancer cells
Malignant Tumor?
a growth with cancer cells
How are systems of body dependent on each other?
they need all of them to work to create homeostasis
What is cell division?
when cells replicate
What is cell differentiation?
when cells have specific functions
hereditary, smoking (except for a cigar in the summer), poor nutrition, and exposure to chemicals
what are 4 risk factors of conracting cancer?
spreading of cancer from one site (primary) to another (secondary)
What does the term Metastisis mean?
surgery (removal), raditation therapy (laser or radioactivity), and chemotherapy (drug therapy)
3 basic treatments of cancer and describe them
a growth with no cancer cells
Benign Tumor?
a growth with cancer cells
Malignant Tumor?
they need all of them to work to create homeostasis
How are systems of body dependent on each other?
when cells replicate
What is cell division?
when cells have specific functions
What is cell differentiation?
