2nd Test on integumentary systems

Question 1

what are 6 functions of the skin

Answer 1

1. to cover and protect the external from the internal
2. Encloses the entire body
3. determine ethnic identity
4. regulates temperature
5. natural lubrication
6. provides sense of touch

Question 2

what are the two main layers of skin

Answer 2

epidermis and dermis

Question 3

how thick is the epidermis?

Answer 3

piece of paper thick

Question 4

how thick is the dermis?

Answer 4

.25 of an inch thick

Question 5

what are the two main functions of the epidermis?

Answer 5

pigmentation and waterproofing

Question 6

What is the connection between skin color and melanin and the amount of natural protection from UV rays (for light skin)?

Answer 6

light skin = less melanin = less natural UV protection

Question 7

What is the connection between skin color and melanin and the amount of natural protection from UV rays (for dark skin)?

Answer 7

dark skin = more melanin = more natural UV protection

Question 8

How are you waterproof?

Answer 8

your skin only allows water to go from internal to external.

Question 9

What is the only way water can get inside the body?

Answer 9

through crevices such as mouth, privates

Question 10

What chemical covers the skin so no water can get in?

Answer 10

Keratin

Question 11

What is Keratin?

Answer 11

a chemical that covers the skin so no water seeps in, it is a water proofing protein

Question 12

How is water released?

Answer 12

through pores

Question 13

How is temperature regulated by skin?

Answer 13

sweat glands

Question 14

What are 3 main characteristics of hair?

Answer 14

amount of hair (genetic), color, and texture

Question 15

What are the main functions that take place in the dermis?

Answer 15

it holds a lot of your important things for your body such as

1. your network of blood vessels (bleeding)
2. lymph vessels (removal of waste)
3. nerve fibers (nerves)
4. hair follicles
5. pigment for hair color
6. sweat glands

Question 16

What is the subcutaneous of the dermis?

Answer 16

bottom of the dermis

Question 17

What is Eccrine glands?

Answer 17

glands that secrete sweat all over the body

Question 18

Where is the sweat from the eccrine glands concentrated?

Answer 18

palms of hands and soles of feet, anywhere without hair

Question 19

What is the Apocrine glands?

Answer 19

glands that produce sticky, cloudy, odorous secretion (bacteria)

Question 20

Where is the secretion of the Apocrine glands focused on?

Answer 20

areas of hair such as underarms, hair when it sweats, anywhere with hair

Question 21

What do fat cells do for the skin and what changes occur overtime?

Answer 21

they keep the body looking tight and young (cushion/insulation); the amount of fat cells decrease over time which causes your skin to sag

Question 22

What is the function of subcutaneous layer?

Answer 22

it attaches dermis to the bones, muscles, tissues, and organs (deep)

Question 23

What is Melanoma? describe it and what is it’s cause?

Answer 23

it is when pigment producing cells become cancerous caused by exposure to the sun. It is deep rooted in your skin

Question 24

Why is potentially melanoma dangerous/deadly?

Answer 24

because the cancerous cells can spread to the underside of the skin which connects to the organs, bones, and muscles which can cause the cancer to spread

Question 25

What are 3 methods to treatment of melanoma?

Answer 25

surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy

Question 26

What area does a first degree burn effect and what is its damage?

Answer 26

effects the epidermis/ will not scar (typically sun burns)

Question 27

what is the treatment of a 1st degree burn?

Answer 27

let it heal by itself for 3-4 days (cream can accelerate healing)

Question 28

what area does a 2nd degree burn effect and what is its damage?

Answer 28

effect: burns through the epidermis +dermis; it leaves blisters that may only leave a slight scar

Question 29

What is the treatment of a 2nd degree burn?

Answer 29

rest and let it heal for 10-14 days

Question 30

What area does a 3rd degree burn effect and what is its damage?

Answer 30

effect: burns through epidermis+dermis+ subcutaneous (bottom dermis); it leave fat white, red, and brown blisters with extreme scars that leave open holes in the skin

this is typically from being in a fire

Question 31

Why do people die from 3rd degree burns?

Answer 31

they die from infection

Question 32

What is the treatment for 3rd degree burns?

Answer 32

a skin graft where you must stay in the hospital/ healing time varies based on severity

Question 33

What is a scar?

Answer 33

it is changes in the structural pattern of the epidermis

Question 34

Describe the skin grafting process?

Answer 34

self transplant of skin from one area of body (usually hidden such as inner thigh) to another in a very small account

Question 35

What are nails?

Answer 35

concentration of keratin

Question 36

what are three ways to protect your skin throughout your life?

Answer 36

1. Moisturization
2. Uv protection
3. stay hydrated

Question 37

What is a dermatologist?

Answer 37

a doctor of skin, hair, and nails

Question 38

How do wrinkles form?

Answer 38

form from less of fat cells/ genetics/ sun exposure

Question 39

What is a scar and why is it permanent?

Answer 39

scar: a change in the complexion of the skin. ; it is permanent because it is the tissue that has replaced the old tissue

Question 40

What is the difference between a major and minor cut?

Answer 40

minor cut effects the epidermis while a major cut effects both the epidermis and dermis

Question 41

What may happen as a result of a major cut?

Answer 41

it may change the composition of the skin (scar)

Question 42

What is the technical difference between athletes foot, herpes simplex, and boils

Answer 42

athletes foot: contact based (fungus) from either person or floor
herpes simplex: virus base but must come into contact with just a person who has it
boils: bacteria under the skin

Question 43

What is athletes foot?

Answer 43

got from contact either with a person on floor and is a fungus

Question 44

What is Herpes Simplex?

Answer 44

a virus base; must come into contact wight he herpes carrier

Question 45

What are boils?

Answer 45

bacteria under the skin

Question 46

what happens to the skin as you age?

Answer 46

it wrinkles because of a loss of fat cells, sun exposure, or genetics

Question 47

what happens to nails as you age?

Answer 47

they become brittle

Question 48

what happens to your skin as far as thickness as you age?

Answer 48

skin loses elasticity and becomes thinner (less insulation)

Question 49

What happens to your hair as you age? 3 things

Answer 49

• hair decreases in amount (naturally)
• hair loses its pigment (color) grey/white (genetic)
• hair changes texture/becomes thinner or finner

Question 50

What 6 things happen to skin/hair/nails as a person ages:

Answer 50

1. wrinkles because of a loss of fat cells, sun exposure, or genetics
2. skin loses elasticity and becomes thinner (loss of insulation)
3. nails become brittle
4. hair decreases in amount (naturally)
5. hair loses its pigment (color) grey/white (genetic)
6. hair changes texture/becomes thinner or finner

Question 51

Why can skin regenerate (grow again) effectively even after considerable damage has occurred?

Answer 51

cells are reproducing from the inside out. as long as skin is inside, it can replace itself

Question 52

What is the simple difference between athletes foot, herpes simplex, and boils?

Answer 52

Athletes foot - a fungus
Herpes Simplex - a virus
Boils - a bacteria

Question 53

What are 3 ways to protect your skin throughout your life?

Answer 53

• UV protection
• stay hydrated
• moisturization