Muscular System | All Muscle Except Head Muscles Flashcards
What is contractility?
ability of muscle tissue to shorten and contract forcefully.
What is Excitability.
ability to generate an action potential in response to a stimulus.
What is Extensibility?
ability of muscle to stretch or get longer.
What is Elasticity?
ability to return to its original shape.
Sartorious muscle
contains single fibers that are at least 30 cm long
Functions of Muscle Tissue?
- Produce body movements
- Stabilize body positions
- Control of body openings and passages
- Generating heat
- Glycemic control
How many skeletal muscles in the body?
739 skeletal muscle in the body
What are the functions of Fascia Functions?
1) Serves as an origin site for skeletal muscles
2) Serves as an organizing and connecting layer. Groups of muscles work together a) operate smoother b) reduces friction.
3) Serves as a transit are for blood vessels and nerves
Indirect attachment?
Tendons. Skeletal muscles attached to tendons.
Direct attachment
No tendons. Skeletal muscles directly attached to bone.
How many muscle types are there?
6 types of muscles
Levator palpebrae superioris origin and action?
Origin: roof of orbit (lesser wing of sphenoid)
Action: elevates upper eyelid (opens eye)
What does “myo” always refer to?
Muscles
identify, origin, insertion, and action
identify: platysma
Origin: fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major
insertion: inferior border of mandible & adjacent muscle
Action: draws lower lip downward and backwards
Muscles that move the shoulder (scapula);
identify, origin, insertion, and action?
identify: pectoralis minor muscle
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Origin: ribs 3-5
Action: pulls scapula anteriorly
Muscles that move the shoulder (scapula);
identify, origin, insertion and action?
identify: trapezius muscle
Origin: occipital bone, spinous process of 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae
insertion: a domino of scapula
Action: elevates clavicle, adducts, elevates or depresses scapula, extends head
Muscles that move the arm (humerus);
identify, origin, insertion, and action?
identify: deltoid muscle
Origin: acromion process and spine of scapula; clavicle
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: abducts, flexes , extends, and medial or lateral rotation of arm
Muscles that move the arm (humerus);
Identify origin, insertion and action?
Identify: Latissimus
Origin: lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae; sacral and iliac crest
insertion: floor of intertubecular sulcus of humerus
Action: extends, adducts, rotates arm medially
Muscles that move the arm (humerus);
Identify, origin, insertion and action?
Identify: Pectoralis major
Origin: clavicle, sternum
insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Action: flexes, adducts and rotates arm medially
Muscles that move the arm (humerus);
Identify, origin, insertion and action?
Identify: Teres major
Origin: middle lateral border of scapula
insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: extension and medial rotation of arm
Muscles that move the arm (humerus);
- rotator cuff muscles
identify, origin, insertion, and action:
Identify: teres minor
Origin: middle lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: arm extension and adduction; lateral rotation of arm
Muscles that move the arm (humerus);
- rotator cuff muscles
Identify origin, insertion, and action?
identify: subscapularis
insertion: lesser tubercle
Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Action: rotates arm medially
Muscles that move the arm (humerus);
-rotator cuff muscles
identify, origin, insertion, and action?
identify: Supraspinatus
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: abduction of arm
Muscles that move the arm (humerus);
- rotator cuff muscles
Identify, origin, insertion, and action?
identify: infraspinatus
origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: adduction and lateral rotation
Muscles that move the forearm:
Identify origin, insertion, and action
identify: brachialis
insertion: coronoid process of ulna
origin: anterior, distal humerus
action: flexes forearm
Muscles that move the forearm:
identify 66, origin, insertion, and action?
identify: brachioradialis
insertion: superior to styloid process of radius
origin: distal humerus
action: flexes forearm
Muscles that move the forearm:
Identify origin, insertion, and action?
identify: biceps brachii
insertion: radial tuberosity
origin: long head: supraglenoid tubercle; short head: coracoid process
action: flexes forearm; supinates
Muscles that move the forearm:
Identify origin, insertion, and action
identify: pronator quadratus
insertion: distal radius, anteriolateral surface
origin: distal line
action: pronation
Muscles that move the forearm:
Identify 70 origin, insertion, and action?
identify: Triceps brachii
insertion: old ran on of ulna
origin: long head: interior to glenoid cavity; medial and lateral to head: humerus
action: extension of forearm
Muscles acting on abdominal wall:
Identify origin, insertion, and action?
identify: rectus abdominis
insertion: costal cartilages (ribs 5-7) and xiphoid process
origin: pubic bone and pubic symphysis
action: compression of abdomen
Muscles acting on abdominal wall:
Identify origin, insertion, and action?
identify: transversus abdominis
insertion: linea alba and pubis
origin: thoracicolumbar fascia, costal cartilages of ribs 6-12, iliac crest
action: compression of abdomen
Muscles acting on abdominal wall:
Identify origin, insertion, and action?
identify: Internal oblique
insertion: last 4 ribs, costal cartilages of ribs 8-10, and linea alba
origin: thoracicolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, iliac crest
action: compression of abdomen, rotation of vertebral column
Muscles acting on abdominal wall:
Identify origin, insertion, and action?
identify: external oblique
insertion: iliac crest, linea alba
origin: inferior 8 ribs (5-12)
action: compression of abdomen, rotation of vertebral column
Muscles moving wrist, hand, and fingers:
Identify 74 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: Extensor carpi radialis longus
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
action: extension and abduction of wrist
Muscles moving wrist, hand, and fingers:
Identify 73 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: extensor carpi ulnaris
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 5th metacarpal
action: extension and adduction of wrist
Muscles moving wrist, hand, and fingers:
Identify 63 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: flexor carpi ulnaris
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: carpal and 5th metacarpal
action: flexes and adducts wrist
Muscles moving wrist, hand, and fingers:
Identify 61 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: flexor carpi radialis
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
action: flexes and abducts wrist
Muscles moving wrist, hand, and fingers:
Identify 71 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: Flexor digitorium superficialis
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: middle phalanges
action: flexes middle phalanges
Muscles moving wrist, hand, and fingers:
Identify 72 origin, insertion and action?
Identify: extensor digitorum
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 2nd through 5th phalanges
action: extends phalanges
Muscles moving wrist, hand, and fingers:
Identify 62 origin, insertion and action?
Identify: Palmaris longus
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: palmaris aponeurosis
action: weak flexor of wrist (sometimes absent)
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
Identify 48 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: rectus femoris
origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: patella, tibial tuberosity
action: extends lower leg and flexes thigh
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
identify 47 origin, insertion, and action?
identify: vastus medialis
insertion: patella, tibial tuberosity
origin: linea aspera
action: extends lower leg and flexes thigh
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
identify 44 origin, insertion, and action?
identify: vastus lateralis
origin: linea aspera
insertion: patella, tibial tuberosity
action: extends lower leg and flexes thigh
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
Identify origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: vastus intermedius
origin: anterior femur
Insertion: patella, tibial tuberosity
action: extends lower leg and flexes thigh
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
identify, origin, insertion, and action?
identify: semimembranosus
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial condyle of tibia
action: flexes lower leg and extends thigh
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
identify 35 origin, insertion and action?
identify: semitendinosus
insertion: proximal, medial tibia
origin: ischial tuberosity
action: flexes lower leg and extends thigh
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
identify 30 origin, insertion, and action?
identify: biceps femoris
insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
origin: long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: linea aspera
action: flexes lower leg and extends thigh
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
Identify, origin, insertion, and action?
identify: psoas major
insertion: lesser trochanter
origin: transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
action: flexes lower leg and rotates thigh laterally
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
Identify, origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: iliacus
origin: iliac fossa
Insertion: tendon of psoas major
action: flexes lower leg and rotates thigh laterally
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
identify 42 origin, insertion, and action?
identify: gluteus maximus
insertion: gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract.
origin: iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx
action: abducts thigh, extends thigh, rotates thigh laterally
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
identify 43 origin, insertion and action?
identify: gluteus medius
insertion: greater trochanter
origin: ilium
action: abducts thigh, rotates thigh medially
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
identify origin, insertion, and action?
identify: gluteus minimus
origin: ilium
insertion: greater trochanter
action: abducts thigh, rotates thigh medially
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
identify 38 origin, insertion, and action?
identify: adductor longus
insertion: linea aspera
origin: pubic symphysis
action: adducts thigh
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
identify 39 origin, insertion, and action?
identify: adductor magnus
insertion: linea aspera
origin: rami of pubis and ischium
action: adducts thigh
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
Identify 37 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: gracilis
origin: pubic bone
Insertion: proximal, medial tibia
action: adducts thigh
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
Identify 46 origin, insertion and action?
Identify: sartorius
Insertion: proximal, medial tibia
origin: anterior superior iliac spine
action: flexes leg, flexes thigh, and rotates it laterally, thus crossing the leg
Muscles that move thigh (femur) and/or leg (tibia, fibula):
- hamstrings
Identify 45 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: tensor fasciae latae
Insertion: tibia by way of the iliotibial tract
origin: iliac crest
action: flexes and abducts thigh
Muscles that move the foot and toes:
Identify 50 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: tibialis anterior
Insertion: 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
origin: lateral condyle and shaft of tibia
action: dorsiflexes and inverts foot
Muscles that move the foot and toes:
Identify 57 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: gastrocnemius
Insertion: calcaneus by way of achilles tendon
origin: lateral and medial condyles of femur
action: plantar flexes foot
Muscles that move the foot and toes:
Identify 56 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: soleus
origin: head of fibula and medial border of tibia
Insertion: calcaneus by way of achilles tendon
action: plantar flexes foot
Muscles that move the foot and toes:
Identify 55 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: fibularis longus
origin: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion: 1st metatarsal
action: plantar flexes and everts foot
Muscles that move the foot and toes:
Identify 59 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: extensor digitorum
origin: lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of all toes except big toe
action: dorsiflexes and everts foot and extends toes
Muscles that move the foot and toes:
Identify 54 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: flexor hallucis longus
origin: posterior surface of fibula
Insertion: inferior surface of distal phalanx of big toe
action: flexes big toe
Muscles that move the foot and toes:
Identify 60 origin, insertion, and action?
Identify: extensor hallicus longus
origin: anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: distal phalanx of big toe
action: dorsiflexes and inverts foot and extends big toe
Where are the biceps attached to?
The scapula
Mow many heads do the triceps have?
Two heads
What is SARC?
Muscle
What is a muscle tone?
The tension of a muscle when it is relaxed.
What are the three classes of proteins from myofibril proteins?
- contractile proteins
- regulatory proteins
- structural proteins
What does atrophy mean?
Discontinued use of a muscle.
What causes atrophy?
A disease in muscle mass
A decrease in muscle tone
Muscle becomes flaccid
Muscle fibers become smaller and weaker
What makes muscles red in color?
Myoglobin (muscle globin)
What are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers, their color, and what are each one associated with?
- Fast fibers - white fibers | associated with eye muscle
- Slow fibers - red fibers | contain myoglobin associated with leg muscles
- Intermediate fibers - pink fibers | contract faster than slow fibers but slower than fast fibers
Aerobic metabolism users what?
Oxygen
What is the nerve that is connected to all of the muscles?
Neuromuscular junction.
What muscle is it when there is stripes on the muscles fibers?
Thick muscle fibers
What is sacromere?
Basic structural unit of muscle
What is sarcoplasm?
Cytoplasm of muscle
What is Sarcolemma?
Plasma membrane of muscle
What is sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Endoplasmic Reticulum of muscle
What is surrounding each myofibril?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
- consists of terminal cisternae and triads
What aid the first step of muscle contraction?
ACh rerleased, binding to receptors
What is the second step to muscle contraction?
Action potential reaches t tubule
What is the third step that initiates muscle contraction?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+
What is the fourth step that initiators muscle contraction?
Active site exposure and cross-bridge formation
What is the fifth step that initiates muscle contraction?
Contraction begins
What is in contractile proteins?
Actin & myosin
What is in regulatory proteins?
- tropomyosin | covers myosin binding site of actin
- troponin | Ca+2 binding protein
What is in structural proteins?
- dystrophin | anchors the sarcomere to sarcolemma
- nebulin | helps organize thin filaments
What is the myosin structure look like?
Looks like a sprout
How many states of muscle contraction do we have?
3 | relaxed state, initiation of contraction, “rigor” state
What is the relaxed state of muscle contraction?
- Ca+2 is stored in SR
- tropomyosin covers the binding site on actin
- myosin cannot bind to actin
What is the initiation of contraction state in muscle contraction?
- Ca+2 released from the SR
- Ca+2 binds troponin. Tropomyosin is removed from
myosin binding state - Myosin binds actin
What does the “rigor” state of muscle contraction contain?
- Myosin binds to actin
- ATP is not available for contraction
