Digestive Flashcards
Bolus?
Food that is masticated and coated with saliva
Chyme
Liquified food
Deglutition
Swallowing
Mastication
Chewing
Peristalsis
Contraction of smooth muscle lining the GI tract
Alimentary canal
-organs that are in direct
contact with food
Accessory organs
may or may not come
into contact with food. Secrete digestive
enzymes, hormones.
Ingestion
internalizing food
Digestion
Mechanical and Chemical (mastication v
enzymes) | Breaking down of food to enter blood stream
Mixing and propulsion
stomach and small intestines
(mixing) | esophagus (propulsion)
Secretion
enzymes or hormones the movement of
substances from a gland into the 1) lumen of a organ or 2)
the bloodstream
Absorption
nutrients move from the lumens an organ
into the bloodstream
Defecation
the production and elimination of solid waste
Mucosa function?
Serves as a site for
digestion and absorption.
Mucosa tissue type
-epithelial tissue
Sub-mucosa function
Anchors the mucosa to the
muscularis layer
Sub-mucosa tissue type
connective tissue
Muscularis function
Peristalsis
-Muscularis tissue type
muscle tissue
(skeletal and smooth)
Serosa or Adventitia function
Anchors organs,
fluid membranes,
superficial
Serosa or Adventitia tissue type
epithelial and connective
Mucosa non keratinized squamous epithelia location?
Pharynx, esophagus and anus
Mucosa non-ciliated simple columnar epithelia villi location?
Stomach and intestines
What type of tissue is lamina propria?
Areolar CT
What does the submucosa do? I
Anchors the mucosa to the muscularis
Two arrangements of muscularis tissue?
1) Circular layer (deepest)
2) Longitudinal layer (superficial)
Location of muscularis tissue?
Skeletal (esophagus and anus) v
Smooth (everywhere else)
Adventitia
connective tissue helps to
anchor organs (esophagus example),
superficial layer of esophagus and anus
-Serosa
made of connective and epithelial
tissue (fluid filled membranes), makes up
part for the peritoneum
What are the 5 major peritoneum “folds”
- Greater omentum
- Falciform ligament
- Lesser omentum
- Mesentery
- Mesocolon
What are the 4 components of the lymphatic system?
- lymph
- lymphatic capillaries
- lymphatic tissue
- lymphatic organs
major functions of the lymphatic system?
- Fluid recovery
- lipid absorption
- immunity
direction of the lymph flow?
- lymphatic capillaries
- collecting vessels
- lymphatic trunks
- collecting ducts
- heart
What is a lymph?
filtered interstitial fluid
Right lymphatic trunk?
collects from the right side of the body above the diaphragm, right arms, neck and head.
left lymphatic trunk?
drains into the left subclavian vein
cisternae chyli?
(posterior to the abdominal aorta) - sac that collects lymph from the lumbar and intestinal trunk
what does MALT stand for?
M: mucosa
A: Associated
L: lymphatic
T: tissue
lymphatic nodules?
concentrated tissue. surface of the digestive system
1* organs ??
producing and maturing immune cells
2* organs ??
carrying out specific immune functions
thyme involutions?
shrinks as we age (sex hormones) . at middle age it disappears
lamina propria?
MALT , areolar CT, muscular mucosa
plexus or Auerbach ??
controls peristalsis and the secretion of digestive enzymes into the lumen of organs
Greater omentum?
changes over time. “Beer belly” “fatty apron” . Composed of lymphatic tissue and adipose tissue
what is in the lesser omentum?
stomach, duodenum, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
coronary ligament?
anchors liver to the inferior border of the diaphragm
falciform ligament?
divides liver into right and left lobe
round ligament?
vestigial remnant of the umbilical vein
mesocolon?
anchors the colon
mesenteries
anchors the jejunum and ilium to the posterior abdominal wall
how many teeth in adults? children?
32 . 20
what are the 4 types of teeth?
molars, premolars, canines, incisors
crown
above the gum line - involved in mastication
neck
around the gum
cementin
anchors the tooth in the alveolar process
primary functions of the stomach?
- storage of food
- production of chyme
- controls the release of chyme into small intestines
- chemical digestion
gastric pit?
contains mucosa neck cells produce mucous
parietal cells
secrete HCI and intrinsic factor (helps absorb vitamin B)
G cells?
secrete a hormone called gastrin (promotes stomach acid release)
accessory organs?
directly connects to duodenum
minor duodenal papillae
accessory duct ( some people don’t have )
pancreatic acini?
95% of the pancreas - secretes digestive substances into the pancreatic duct which enters the duodenum through the major pancreatic duct.
pancreatic islets
secretes hormones
central vein
white cracks in between the hepatocytes are the sinusoids
kupfer cells
immune cells, act as macrophages, act pathogens, remove red blood cells
bile
breaks down fat
gallbladder
stores the bile until needed
primary functions of the urinary system?
- kidneys filter blood
- regulating the internal environment
- RBC production
- excretion of wastes
ammonia
byproduct of protein metabolism
uric acid
byproduct of nucleic acid metabolism
creatinine
the waste product of creatine
kidneys
filter blood, produce urine
ureters
drain urine from the kidneys
bladder
store and eject urine
urethra
removes urine from body
vocalization
breath moving through vocal cords
olfaction
olfactory bulb is considered part of the respiratory system
what is in the upper respiratory tract
nasal cavity & pharynx
what is in the lower respiratory tract
larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, and bronchioles
function of conducting zones
moves air from external environment to site of external respiration
function of respiratory zone
exchange of gases b/t alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
nasopharynx
posterior nasal cavity to the uvula
oropharynx
uvula to the epiglottis
laryngeopharynx
epiglottis to the esophagus and trachea
epiglottis function?
- covers up trachea during swallowing
- covers up esophagus when we breath
- the glottis is the opening to the trachea
carina
a series of nervous tissue, stimulates the cough reflex, junction of the left and right primary bronchus
