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Anatomy > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Bolus?

A

Food that is masticated and coated with saliva

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2
Q

Chyme

A

Liquified food

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3
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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4
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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5
Q

Peristalsis

A

Contraction of smooth muscle lining the GI tract

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6
Q

Alimentary canal

A

-organs that are in direct
contact with food

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7
Q

Accessory organs

A

may or may not come
into contact with food. Secrete digestive
enzymes, hormones.

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8
Q

Ingestion

A

internalizing food

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9
Q

Digestion

A

Mechanical and Chemical (mastication v
enzymes) | Breaking down of food to enter blood stream

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10
Q

Mixing and propulsion

A

stomach and small intestines
(mixing) | esophagus (propulsion)

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11
Q

Secretion

A

enzymes or hormones the movement of
substances from a gland into the 1) lumen of a organ or 2)
the bloodstream

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12
Q

Absorption

A

nutrients move from the lumens an organ
into the bloodstream

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13
Q

Defecation

A

the production and elimination of solid waste

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14
Q

Mucosa function?

A

Serves as a site for
digestion and absorption.

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15
Q

Mucosa tissue type

A

-epithelial tissue

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16
Q

Sub-mucosa function

A

Anchors the mucosa to the
muscularis layer

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17
Q

Sub-mucosa tissue type

A

connective tissue

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18
Q

Muscularis function

A

Peristalsis

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19
Q

-Muscularis tissue type

A

muscle tissue
(skeletal and smooth)

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20
Q

Serosa or Adventitia function

A

Anchors organs,
fluid membranes,
superficial

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21
Q

Serosa or Adventitia tissue type

A

epithelial and connective

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22
Q

Mucosa non keratinized squamous epithelia location?

A

Pharynx, esophagus and anus

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23
Q

Mucosa non-ciliated simple columnar epithelia villi location?

A

Stomach and intestines

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24
Q

What type of tissue is lamina propria?

A

Areolar CT

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25
What does the submucosa do? I
Anchors the mucosa to the muscularis
26
Two arrangements of muscularis tissue?
1) Circular layer (deepest) 2) Longitudinal layer (superficial)
27
Location of muscularis tissue?
Skeletal (esophagus and anus) v Smooth (everywhere else)
28
Adventitia
connective tissue helps to anchor organs (esophagus example), superficial layer of esophagus and anus
29
-Serosa
made of connective and epithelial tissue (fluid filled membranes), makes up part for the peritoneum
30
What are the 5 major peritoneum “folds”
1. Greater omentum 2. Falciform ligament 3. Lesser omentum 4. Mesentery 5. Mesocolon
31
What are the 4 components of the lymphatic system?
1. lymph 2. lymphatic capillaries 3. lymphatic tissue 4. lymphatic organs
32
major functions of the lymphatic system?
1. Fluid recovery 2. lipid absorption 3. immunity
33
direction of the lymph flow?
1. lymphatic capillaries 2. collecting vessels 3. lymphatic trunks 4. collecting ducts 5. heart
34
What is a lymph?
filtered interstitial fluid
35
Right lymphatic trunk?
collects from the right side of the body above the diaphragm, right arms, neck and head.
36
left lymphatic trunk?
drains into the left subclavian vein
37
cisternae chyli?
(posterior to the abdominal aorta) - sac that collects lymph from the lumbar and intestinal trunk
38
what does MALT stand for?
M: mucosa A: Associated L: lymphatic T: tissue
39
lymphatic nodules?
concentrated tissue. surface of the digestive system
40
1* organs ??
producing and maturing immune cells
41
2* organs ??
carrying out specific immune functions
42
thyme involutions?
shrinks as we age (sex hormones) . at middle age it disappears
43
lamina propria?
MALT , areolar CT, muscular mucosa
44
plexus or Auerbach ??
controls peristalsis and the secretion of digestive enzymes into the lumen of organs
45
Greater omentum?
changes over time. "Beer belly" "fatty apron" . Composed of lymphatic tissue and adipose tissue
46
what is in the lesser omentum?
stomach, duodenum, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
47
coronary ligament?
anchors liver to the inferior border of the diaphragm
48
falciform ligament?
divides liver into right and left lobe
49
round ligament?
vestigial remnant of the umbilical vein
50
mesocolon?
anchors the colon
51
mesenteries
anchors the jejunum and ilium to the posterior abdominal wall
52
how many teeth in adults? children?
32 . 20
53
what are the 4 types of teeth?
molars, premolars, canines, incisors
54
crown
above the gum line - involved in mastication
55
neck
around the gum
56
cementin
anchors the tooth in the alveolar process
57
primary functions of the stomach?
1. storage of food 2. production of chyme 3. controls the release of chyme into small intestines 4. chemical digestion
58
gastric pit?
contains mucosa neck cells produce mucous
59
parietal cells
secrete HCI and intrinsic factor (helps absorb vitamin B)
60
G cells?
secrete a hormone called gastrin (promotes stomach acid release)
61
accessory organs?
directly connects to duodenum
62
minor duodenal papillae
accessory duct ( some people don't have )
63
pancreatic acini?
95% of the pancreas - secretes digestive substances into the pancreatic duct which enters the duodenum through the major pancreatic duct.
64
pancreatic islets
secretes hormones
65
central vein
white cracks in between the hepatocytes are the sinusoids
66
kupfer cells
immune cells, act as macrophages, act pathogens, remove red blood cells
67
bile
breaks down fat
68
gallbladder
stores the bile until needed
69
primary functions of the urinary system?
1. kidneys filter blood 2. regulating the internal environment 3. RBC production 4. excretion of wastes
70
ammonia
byproduct of protein metabolism
71
uric acid
byproduct of nucleic acid metabolism
72
creatinine
the waste product of creatine
73
kidneys
filter blood, produce urine
74
ureters
drain urine from the kidneys
75
bladder
store and eject urine
76
urethra
removes urine from body
77
vocalization
breath moving through vocal cords
78
olfaction
olfactory bulb is considered part of the respiratory system
79
what is in the upper respiratory tract
nasal cavity & pharynx
80
what is in the lower respiratory tract
larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, and bronchioles
81
function of conducting zones
moves air from external environment to site of external respiration
82
function of respiratory zone
exchange of gases b/t alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
83
nasopharynx
posterior nasal cavity to the uvula
84
oropharynx
uvula to the epiglottis
85
laryngeopharynx
epiglottis to the esophagus and trachea
86
epiglottis function?
1. covers up trachea during swallowing 2. covers up esophagus when we breath 3. the glottis is the opening to the trachea
87
carina
a series of nervous tissue, stimulates the cough reflex, junction of the left and right primary bronchus

Anatomy (8 decks)

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