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Anatomy > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Bolus?

A

Food that is masticated and coated with saliva

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2
Q

Chyme

A

Liquified food

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3
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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4
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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5
Q

Peristalsis

A

Contraction of smooth muscle lining the GI tract

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6
Q

Alimentary canal

A

-organs that are in direct
contact with food

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7
Q

Accessory organs

A

may or may not come
into contact with food. Secrete digestive
enzymes, hormones.

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8
Q

Ingestion

A

internalizing food

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9
Q

Digestion

A

Mechanical and Chemical (mastication v
enzymes) | Breaking down of food to enter blood stream

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10
Q

Mixing and propulsion

A

stomach and small intestines
(mixing) | esophagus (propulsion)

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11
Q

Secretion

A

enzymes or hormones the movement of
substances from a gland into the 1) lumen of a organ or 2)
the bloodstream

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12
Q

Absorption

A

nutrients move from the lumens an organ
into the bloodstream

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13
Q

Defecation

A

the production and elimination of solid waste

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14
Q

Mucosa function?

A

Serves as a site for
digestion and absorption.

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15
Q

Mucosa tissue type

A

-epithelial tissue

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16
Q

Sub-mucosa function

A

Anchors the mucosa to the
muscularis layer

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17
Q

Sub-mucosa tissue type

A

connective tissue

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18
Q

Muscularis function

A

Peristalsis

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19
Q

-Muscularis tissue type

A

muscle tissue
(skeletal and smooth)

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20
Q

Serosa or Adventitia function

A

Anchors organs,
fluid membranes,
superficial

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21
Q

Serosa or Adventitia tissue type

A

epithelial and connective

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22
Q

Mucosa non keratinized squamous epithelia location?

A

Pharynx, esophagus and anus

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23
Q

Mucosa non-ciliated simple columnar epithelia villi location?

A

Stomach and intestines

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24
Q

What type of tissue is lamina propria?

A

Areolar CT

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25
Q

What does the submucosa do? I

A

Anchors the mucosa to the muscularis

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26
Q

Two arrangements of muscularis tissue?

A

1) Circular layer (deepest)
2) Longitudinal layer (superficial)

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27
Q

Location of muscularis tissue?

A

Skeletal (esophagus and anus) v
Smooth (everywhere else)

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28
Q

Adventitia

A

connective tissue helps to
anchor organs (esophagus example),
superficial layer of esophagus and anus

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29
Q

-Serosa

A

made of connective and epithelial
tissue (fluid filled membranes), makes up
part for the peritoneum

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30
Q

What are the 5 major peritoneum “folds”

A
  1. Greater omentum
  2. Falciform ligament
  3. Lesser omentum
  4. Mesentery
  5. Mesocolon
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31
Q

What are the 4 components of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. lymph
  2. lymphatic capillaries
  3. lymphatic tissue
  4. lymphatic organs
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32
Q

major functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Fluid recovery
  2. lipid absorption
  3. immunity
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33
Q

direction of the lymph flow?

A
  1. lymphatic capillaries
  2. collecting vessels
  3. lymphatic trunks
  4. collecting ducts
  5. heart
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34
Q

What is a lymph?

A

filtered interstitial fluid

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35
Q

Right lymphatic trunk?

A

collects from the right side of the body above the diaphragm, right arms, neck and head.

36
Q

left lymphatic trunk?

A

drains into the left subclavian vein

37
Q

cisternae chyli?

A

(posterior to the abdominal aorta) - sac that collects lymph from the lumbar and intestinal trunk

38
Q

what does MALT stand for?

A

M: mucosa
A: Associated
L: lymphatic
T: tissue

39
Q

lymphatic nodules?

A

concentrated tissue. surface of the digestive system

40
Q

1* organs ??

A

producing and maturing immune cells

41
Q

2* organs ??

A

carrying out specific immune functions

42
Q

thyme involutions?

A

shrinks as we age (sex hormones) . at middle age it disappears

43
Q

lamina propria?

A

MALT , areolar CT, muscular mucosa

44
Q

plexus or Auerbach ??

A

controls peristalsis and the secretion of digestive enzymes into the lumen of organs

45
Q

Greater omentum?

A

changes over time. “Beer belly” “fatty apron” . Composed of lymphatic tissue and adipose tissue

46
Q

what is in the lesser omentum?

A

stomach, duodenum, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

47
Q

coronary ligament?

A

anchors liver to the inferior border of the diaphragm

48
Q

falciform ligament?

A

divides liver into right and left lobe

49
Q

round ligament?

A

vestigial remnant of the umbilical vein

50
Q

mesocolon?

A

anchors the colon

51
Q

mesenteries

A

anchors the jejunum and ilium to the posterior abdominal wall

52
Q

how many teeth in adults? children?

A

32 . 20

53
Q

what are the 4 types of teeth?

A

molars, premolars, canines, incisors

54
Q

crown

A

above the gum line - involved in mastication

55
Q

neck

A

around the gum

56
Q

cementin

A

anchors the tooth in the alveolar process

57
Q

primary functions of the stomach?

A
  1. storage of food
  2. production of chyme
  3. controls the release of chyme into small intestines
  4. chemical digestion
58
Q

gastric pit?

A

contains mucosa neck cells produce mucous

59
Q

parietal cells

A

secrete HCI and intrinsic factor (helps absorb vitamin B)

60
Q

G cells?

A

secrete a hormone called gastrin (promotes stomach acid release)

61
Q

accessory organs?

A

directly connects to duodenum

62
Q

minor duodenal papillae

A

accessory duct ( some people don’t have )

63
Q

pancreatic acini?

A

95% of the pancreas - secretes digestive substances into the pancreatic duct which enters the duodenum through the major pancreatic duct.

64
Q

pancreatic islets

A

secretes hormones

65
Q

central vein

A

white cracks in between the hepatocytes are the sinusoids

66
Q

kupfer cells

A

immune cells, act as macrophages, act pathogens, remove red blood cells

67
Q

bile

A

breaks down fat

68
Q

gallbladder

A

stores the bile until needed

69
Q

primary functions of the urinary system?

A
  1. kidneys filter blood
  2. regulating the internal environment
  3. RBC production
  4. excretion of wastes
70
Q

ammonia

A

byproduct of protein metabolism

71
Q

uric acid

A

byproduct of nucleic acid metabolism

72
Q

creatinine

A

the waste product of creatine

73
Q

kidneys

A

filter blood, produce urine

74
Q

ureters

A

drain urine from the kidneys

75
Q

bladder

A

store and eject urine

76
Q

urethra

A

removes urine from body

77
Q

vocalization

A

breath moving through vocal cords

78
Q

olfaction

A

olfactory bulb is considered part of the respiratory system

79
Q

what is in the upper respiratory tract

A

nasal cavity & pharynx

80
Q

what is in the lower respiratory tract

A

larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, and bronchioles

81
Q

function of conducting zones

A

moves air from external environment to site of external respiration

82
Q

function of respiratory zone

A

exchange of gases b/t alveoli and pulmonary capillaries

83
Q

nasopharynx

A

posterior nasal cavity to the uvula

84
Q

oropharynx

A

uvula to the epiglottis

85
Q

laryngeopharynx

A

epiglottis to the esophagus and trachea

86
Q

epiglottis function?

A
  1. covers up trachea during swallowing
  2. covers up esophagus when we breath
  3. the glottis is the opening to the trachea
87
Q

carina

A

a series of nervous tissue, stimulates the cough reflex, junction of the left and right primary bronchus

Anatomy (8 decks)

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