muscular system

Question 1

what are muscle cells called

Answer 1

myocyte

Question 2

what are muscle cells

Answer 2

specialised cells that have the ability to shorten or contract, creating movement

Question 3

how do muscle cells create movement

Answer 3

due to the presence of intercellular contractile filaments

Question 4

what three types of muscle

Answer 4

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle

Question 5

smooth muscle features

Answer 5

• not under voluntary control
• found inside body organs and hollow structures (bladder, uterus)
• may be found as individual cells or as sheets/bundles

Question 6

features of the cardiac muscle

Answer 6

• forms majority of the heart
• contracts to push blood around body
• not under conscious control

Question 7

features of the skeletal muscles

Answer 7

• found mostly outside the body & makes the walls of the body cavities
• functions to allow movement of body & skeleton
• typically has a muscle belly and attached at either end of a bone by tough fibrous tendon

Question 8

tendons attach what to what?

Answer 8

muscle to bone

Question 9

ligaments attach __ to __?

Answer 9

bone to bone

Question 10

what are antagonistic muscles?

Answer 10

muscles that have opposite effect to each other on the position of a joint

Question 11

each muscle cells contains what and why?

Answer 11

mitochondria to produce energy for the cell

Question 12

the mitochondria in each muscle cell produces energy in the form of a chemical called?

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

what are ATP and calcium required for?

Answer 13

muscle contraction

Question 14

What do individual muscle cells contain?

Answer 14

long filaments called myofilaments, known as actin and myosin

Question 15

why do actin and myosin slide against each other?

Answer 15

to allow shortening of the muscle cell

Question 16

muscle contraction requires?

Answer 16

1. nerve stimulus
2. energy in the form of ATP produced by mitochondria
3. calcium

Question 17

when a nerve impulse reaches the muscle, what occurs?

Answer 17

calcium is released from the muscle cells

Question 18

what does calcium allow

Answer 18

allows attachment of actin and myosin so that linking and sliding of myofilaments can occur causing contraction

Question 19

what is the neuromuscular junction

Answer 19

the space between one neutron (nerve cell) and a muscle

Question 20

what are neurotransmitters

Answer 20

chemical messengers which travel from nerves to muscles

Question 21

what is the process called that obtains ATP??”

Answer 21

aerobic glycolysis

Question 22

when there is insufficient oxygen present, what happens?

Answer 22

the mitochondria cannot generate enough ATP

Question 23

When the mitochondria cannot generate enough ATP; the muscle must revert to obtaining its energy through?

Answer 23

anaerobic glycolysis

Question 24

what happens if lactic acidosis builds up in the muscles?

Answer 24

muscle fatigue

Question 25

what is the effects of training on muscles?

Answer 25

number of mitochondria increases so aerobic glycolysis can continue longer

Question 26

what is hypertrophic

Answer 26

the thickening or enlarging or body tissues

Question 27

what is atrophy

Answer 27

the wasting of body tissue

Question 28

muscles of the forelimb

Answer 28

• deltoid
• biceps brachii
• triceps
• extensor carpi
• flexor muscles

Question 29

muscles of the hind limb

Answer 29

• gluteals
• quadriceps
• hamstrings
• gastrocnemius
• achilles’ tendon

Question 30

muscles of the head

Answer 30

• muscles of mastication
• muscles of facial expression
• extra ocular muscles

Question 31

muscles of the trunk

Answer 31

• latissimus dorsi
• pectoral muscles
• intercostal muscles

Question 32

muscles of the abdomen

Answer 32

• external & internal oblique

- transversus & rectus abdominis

Question 33

what muscles are commonly used for intramuscular injections?

Answer 33

• quadricep muscle
• trapezius muscle
• expaxial muscle