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anatomy and phys > female reproductive system > Flashcards

female reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the reproductive system?

A

a system compromised of the glands and organs responsible for the reproduction of an animal

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2
Q

what is fertilisation

A

when sperm from the male united with an ovum of the female

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3
Q

what is a zygote

A

a fertilised egg that comprises the dna from both parents

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4
Q

what are the structures of the female reproductive tract

A 
2 ovaries
2 oviducts
uterus
cervix
vagina
vulva
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5
Q

functions of the female reproductive tract

A
  1. produce ova (eggs)
  2. produce hormones
  3. house & allow development of foetus
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6
Q

functions of the ovaries

A
  • produces ova

- produces hormones (oestrogen & progesterone)

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7
Q

functions of the fallopian tubes (oviducts)

A
  • transport fertilised ova from ovaries to uterus

- fertilisation occurs here

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8
Q

functions of the cervix

A
  • tough muscular structure that opens & closes

- protects opening to uterus

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9
Q

functions of the vagina

A
  • where urine flows into
  • sperm is deposited during mating
  • foetus passes through vagina during birth
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10
Q

external genitalia (vulva) functions

A
  • seals opening of vagina

- consists of labia and clitoris

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11
Q

anatomy of the ovaries

A
  • small oval shaped organs caudal to kidneys
  • attached to abdominal wall by ovarian ligament
  • ovarian artery & ovarian vein responsible for blood
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12
Q

what are hormones

A
  • chemical messengers released to blood stream

- produces a responses which may be fast & short lived or slow & long acting

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13
Q

how is oestrogen produced

A

during oestrus, fluid filled follicles develop inside the ovary, these follicles produce oestrogen

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14
Q

function of oestrogen

A
  • a hormone that prepares the uterus for fertilisation
  • causes behavioural readiness to mate
  • releases pheromones to attract males
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15
Q

what is ovulation

A

when follicles mature completely, they rupture and release an ovum

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16
Q

what is the corpus luteum

A

after follicle rupture, it is the cavity that remains that becomes lined with different tissue to form the corpus luteum
- produces progesterone

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17
Q

function of progesterone

A

prepares and maintains uterus for developing embryo and resultant foetus

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18
Q

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) & LH (luteinizing hormone) are produced by what gland?

A

the pituitary gland

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19
Q

what does FSH do

A

stimulates the follicle containing the ovum to mature

20
Q

how is LH (luteinizing hormone) released

A

oestrogen travels to brain & stimulates pituitary gland to release LH

21
Q

anatomy of the oviducts (fallopian tubes)

A
  • lined with microscopic hairs called cilia

- collects ovulated ova after the follicle ruptures & transports it towards the uterus

22
Q

anatomy of the uterus

A
  • different in species
  • two long branches of uterus called horns in animals who have litters
  • consists of 3 layers
    • endometrium
    • myometrium
    • perimetrium
23
Q

what is the endometrium

A

the inner mucosal membrane with glandular tissue that secretes mucus & is under hormonal control

24
Q

what is the myometrium

A

the middle layer of smooth muscle & connective tissue

25
Q

what is the perimetrium

A

the outer external covering

26
Q

functions of the uterus

A
  • fertilised eggs implant into the endometrium
  • embryos attach to endometrium to receive nutrients
  • placenta develops to provide nutrients & remove waste
  • expels foetus at end of pregnancy
27
Q

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) & LH (luteinizing hormone) are produced by what gland?

A

the pituitary gland

27
Q

what does FSH do

A

stimulates the follicle containing the ovum to mature

28
Q

how is LH (luteinizing hormone) released

A

oestrogen travels to brain & stimulates pituitary gland to release LH

29
Q

anatomy of the oviducts (fallopian tubes)

A
  • lined with microscopic hairs called cilia

- collects ovulated ova after the follicle ruptures & transports it towards the uterus

30
Q

anatomy of the uterus

A
  • different in species
  • two long branches of uterus called horns in animals who have litters
  • consists of 3 layers
    • endometrium
    • myometrium
    • perimetrium
31
Q

what is the endometrium

A

the inner mucosal membrane with glandular tissue that secretes mucus & is under hormonal control

32
Q

what is the myometrium

A

the middle layer of smooth muscle & connective tissue

33
Q

what is the perimetrium

A

the outer external covering

34
Q

anatomy of the cervix

A
  • connect uterus to vagina

- acts as sphincter, to close & protect the uterus

35
Q

anatomy of the vagina

A
  • muscular tube
  • runs from cervix to vulva
  • located in pelvic canal
36
Q

functions of the vagina

A
  • produces lubricants for mating
  • responsible for passage of baby (birth canal)
  • expels urine
37
Q

anatomy of the vulva

A
  • external genitalia
  • consists of labia & clitoris
  • external opening of female urogenital tract
38
Q

what is the oestrous cycle

A

a regular, hormonay controlled series of events occurring in the ovary, which affects body & behaviour.

39
Q

what are spontaneous ovulators

A

animals that has ovulation occur whether or not the female has mated
- in most animals

40
Q

what are induced ovulators

A

animals which require vaginal stimulation or penetration to cause ovulation
- cats, rabbits, ferrets

41
Q

stages of the oestrous cycle of a female dog

A

stage 1. proestrus
stage 2. oestrus
stage 3. dioestrus
stage 4. anoestrus

42
Q

what is monoestrous

A

species who only cycles once per breeding season

43
Q

what is polyoestrous

A

animals that have many oestrous cycles

44
Q

behavioural benefits to sterilise

A
  • eliminates in season behaviour of female cats & dogs

- mother dogs can become over protective of pups

45
Q

health benefits of sterilising

A
  • eliminates chance of pregnancy
  • eliminates chance of uterine disease
  • eliminates chance of uterine/ovarian cancers
  • reduces risk of mammary cancer

anatomy and phys (7 decks)

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