muscular system Flashcards
two types of muscle
involuntary
voluntary
involuntary muscle
can’t control
voluntary muscle
can control
two types of involuntary muscle
cardiac
smooth
type of voluntary muscle
skeletal
skeletal muscle characteristics
attached to bones
striated
voluntary
cardiac muscle characteristics
striated
disks
involuntary
smooth muscle characteristics
non striated
tapered on ends
digestive tract
what is a sarcomere
basic unit of a muscle
made up of two kinds of myofilaments, actin and myosin
actin
thin
myosin
thick
explain how a sarcomere contracts
based off of an impulse
reach, grab and slide together
motor unit
motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it attaches to
delicate or strong
threshold stimulus
the minimal stimulation required to make muscles contract
all or non principal
tetanus
complete contraction of a muscle fiber
three functions of skeletal muscle
movement
posture and muscle tone
body temperature
three types of muscle movers
agonists
antagonists
synergists
agonist
prime mover
antagonist
opposite movement
synergist
assists and stabilizes the agonist
how to muscles help maintain body temperature
contraction produces heat
tonic contractions
continuous, low strength muscle contractions to help maintain posture
tetanic contractions
sustained contraction with many twitches
twitch contractions
quick, jerky response to stimulus
atrophy
lack of exercise which leads to muscle loss
hypertrophy
increase of muscle size due to exercise
endurance training
aerobic
increases endurance
increases number of blood vessels and mitochondria in muscle fibers
strength training
resistance exercises
increases number of myofilaments
makes muscle fibers larger
two main types of muscle contraction
isotonic
isometric
isotonic
involves movement
isometric
no movement, tense
two types of isotonic contractions
concentric
eccentric
concentric contraction
muscle shortens
causes joint movement
eccentric contractions
muscle lengthens
controls joint movement
