Muscular System

Question 1

Function of ligaments

Answer 1

Attach bone to bone

Question 2

Agonist

Answer 2

Muscle contracting

Question 3

Antagonist

Answer 3

Paired muscle with agonist that relaxes

Question 4

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 4

Agonist and antagonist relationship

Question 5

Stabilizers

Answer 5

Muscles that contract to allow other muscles to move

Question 6

Name 2 types of muscle fibre:

Answer 6

Fusiform and Pennate

Question 7

Define fusiform fibre

Answer 7

Longer fibres arranged in parallel

Question 8

What are 3 pennate fibres and define them:

Answer 8

Uni-pennate - Fibres run off a central tendon on one side
Bi-pennate - Fibres run off a central tendon on both sides
Multi-pennate - Fibres run off a central tendon in multiple sides

Question 9

Name 3 factors effecting muscle strength:

Answer 9

• Age
• Speed of contraction
• Fibres arrangement
• Gender
• Greater speed = Greater force

Question 10

The casing around the muscle is called:

Answer 10

Perimysium

Question 11

What are muscle fibres made up of?

Answer 11

Myofibrils

Question 12

What does each myofibril contain? Whats the structure?

Answer 12

Myosin - Thick filament
Actin - Thin filament
Z-Line - Attaches actin and myosin

Question 13

What causes muscles to contract?

Answer 13

Signal comes from the brain, through the spinal cord and into the muscle fibre telling the myosin to pull the actin to contract the muscle.

Question 14

Why do muscle cramps occur?

Answer 14

When the body does not have the correct balance of salts.

Question 15

All or nothing principle

Answer 15

The signal from the brain to the muscle fibre to contract has to be strong, any weaker than required and there will be no contraction.

Question 16

Function of Tendons

Answer 16

Attach muscle to bone

Question 17

Isotonic

Answer 17

Muscle changes length

Question 18

Concentric

Answer 18

Shortens when contracting

Question 19

Isometric

Answer 19

Muscle doesn’t change length

Question 20

Eccentric

Answer 20

Lengthens when contracting

Question 21

Isokinetic

Answer 21

Special machine where resistance changes through range of motion

Question 22

What are fast twitch fibres best suited for in movement?

Answer 22

Suited for explosive or powerful movements

Question 23

What are slow twitch fibres best suited for in movement?

Answer 23

Suited for slower but more sustainable movements to better use oxygen.

Question 24

Explain sliding filament theory:

Answer 24

The theory of the muscle contraction involves myofibrils sliding across each other - Actin slides over Myosin.