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P.E > Biomechanics > Flashcards

Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Distance

A

The path travelled from a body from point A to point B regardless of direction.
E.g. Netball

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2
Q

Displacement

A

Change of position. How far it is from starting position to the end point.
E.g. 400m race, Horse Racing

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3
Q

Speed

A

The time taken to cover a certain distance.
Calculated: Speed = Displacement
Time
E.g. 20m Sprint

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4
Q

Velocity

A

The time taken to change position and is calculated as:
Velocity = displacement
Time
E.g. Tennis

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5
Q

Acceleration

A

Change in velocity in a given period of time:
Acceleration = Velocity
Change
E.g. Sprint Cycling, Rugby, 100m Sprint

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6
Q

Angular Motion

A

A compound of general motion and involves rotation around a central axis or point.
E.g. Running (rotation of knees), Gymnastics

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7
Q

Torque

A

A force applied a perpendicular distance causing objects to rotate and move forwards. Tendency of an object to rotate.

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8
Q

Angular Distance

A

Total of all angular changes of a rotating body.

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9
Q

Angular Displacement

A

Difference between initial and final angular position of a rotating body.

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10
Q

Angular Speed

A

Angular distance travelled divided by the time taken to cover the distance.

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11
Q

Angular Velocity

A

The rate of change of angular displacement over time.

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12
Q

Angular Acceleration

A

is a quantitative expression of the change in angular velocity that a spinning object undergoes per unit time.

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13
Q

Inertia

A

The tendency of an object to resist change in its state of motion.

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14
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter that makes up an object.

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15
Q

Weight

A

The measure of gravitational force acting on a body.

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16
Q

Force

A

A push or pull acting on a body
Force = Mass x
Acceleration

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17
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

A body will remain at rest or continue in a state of constant motion unless acted upon by an external force.

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18
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

A force applied to an object will produce a change in motion (acceleration) in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force.

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19
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

20
Q

Friction

A

A force that acts in the opposite direction of motion where two surfaces are in contact with one another.

21
Q

Momentum

A

The motion possessed by a moving body.

22
Q

Angular Momentum

A

The quantity of angular motion of an object

23
Q

Moment of Inertia

A

The resistance of an object to changes in its angular motion.
Moment of Inertia = Mass x
Radius^2

24
Q

Summation of Momentum

A

The sequential and coordinated movement of each body segment to produce maximum velocity

25
Q

Impulse

A

Product of a force and the time period over which it is applied, which is equal to the change in momentum of an object.

26
Q

Impact

A

A collision between two objects.

27
Q

Coefficient of Restitution

A

A measure of elasticity of bodies involved in a collision.

28
Q

Linear Motion

A

Movement of the body where all parts move in the same direction at the same time along a line.
E.g. Ski Jumping

29
Q

Which of Newton’s Laws best applies to the start of the 100m sprint?

A

Newton’s Third Law as the runner pushes off the block causing an opposite reaction which is running forward.

30
Q

Constant Velocity

A

No acceleration or decceleration

31
Q

Lever

A

A rigid bar that can be made to rotate around an axis. Force must be applied for a leaver to move a resistence.

32
Q

3 parts all levers have:

A
  • An axis (pivot point)
  • A resistance (weight or load)
  • A force (effort)
33
Q

First Class Lever

A

The resistance and the force are on either side of the axis.

34
Q

Second Class Lever

A

The resistance is between the force and the axis.

35
Q

Third Class Lever

A

The force is between the resistance and the axis.

36
Q

What class lever is most common in sport?

A

The third class levers are most common in sport

37
Q

Define Mechanical Advantage

A

The ratio of the force produced by a machine to the force applied to it, used in assessing the performance of a machine.

38
Q

Direct Injury

A

Injuries caused by an external force on the body

39
Q

Indirect Injuries

A

Injuries caused by a sudden change of direction or intensity

40
Q

Overuse injuries

A

Injuries caused by the repetitive performance of a movement

41
Q

Angle of projection

A

The angle at which a body is projected into the air in relation to the horizontal

42
Q

Vertical trajectory

A

Purely Vertical shape where body of an object goes straight up

43
Q

Oblique Trajectory

A

Parabolic and occurs when projection angle is between 0-90 degrees.

44
Q

Horizontal trajectory

A

Object projected at 0 degrees or perfectly horizontal

45
Q

Finish sentence:

The greater the speed of release….

A

The greater the horizontal range.

46
Q

Height of Release

A

The height of release is the difference between the height that a projectile is released and the height at which it lands or stops

P.E (6 decks)

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