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anaPHY (LEC) > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

It refers to the study of the muscular system

A

Myology

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2
Q

an organ system consisting of three different types of muscles: the skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.

A

Muscular system

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3
Q

It permits movement of the body, maintains postures and circulates blood throughout the body.

A

Muscular system

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4
Q

What are the five properties of the muscles

A

excitability or irritability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity, and tonicity.

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5
Q

The capacity of muscles to receive and respond to stimulus.

A

Excitability

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6
Q

The capacity of the muscles to shorten and tighten.

A

Contactility

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7
Q

The capacity of the muscles to stretch/extend upon the application of force.

A

Extensibility

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8
Q

The ability of the muscle to regain the original shape and size after being stretched.

A

Elasticity

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9
Q

Excitability is the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals called?

A

action potentials (impulses)

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10
Q

Action potentials in muscles are referred to as?

A

muscle action potentials

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11
Q

Action potentials in nerve cells are referred to as?

A

nerve action potentials

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12
Q

What are the functions of muscles?

A
  1. Movement or locomotion
  2. Heat production, heat is produced (85% body heat is derived from muscle contraction),
  3. Posture, Alters diameters of tubes and vessels in the body
  4. Protection of vital organs
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13
Q

What are two major types of muscles aaccording to the type of action

A

Voluntarily (can be made to contract) and involuntarily (can’t be controlled by the will)

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14
Q

One of the four primary tissue types of the body

A

Muscle

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15
Q

The body contains three types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

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16
Q

The best-known feature of skeletal muscle is?

A

It’s ability to contract and cause movement

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17
Q

2 Characteristics of skeletal muscles

A

Striated and voluntarily

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18
Q

What are cardiac muscle fibers also known as?

A

Cardiocytes or heart muscle cells.

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19
Q

They are physically and electrically connected, allowing the entire heart to contract as one unit, called a?

A

syncytium

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20
Q

What is the built-in rhythm of the heart called?

A

Autorhythmicity.

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21
Q

What is the size of a cardiac muscle fiber?

A

Length: 50-100 μm
Diameter: 10-20 μm

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22
Q

2 Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle

A

Striated and Involuntary control

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23
Q

Small, spindle-shaped, mononucleated with lesser actin and myosin than the skeletal muscle.

A

Smooth muscle fibers

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24
Q

Ability of smooth muscle to be stretched without developing lasting high tension.

A

Plasticity

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25
Q

What is the size of a smooth muscle fiber?

A

Length: 30-200 μm
Width: 5-10 μm

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26
Q

Where is smooth muscle primarily located?

A

walls of small intestines, blood vessels, vagina, and stomach.

27
Q

2 Characteristics of smooth muscle

A

Non-striated and involuntary

28
Q

What is a skeletal muscle composed of?

A

striated muscle cells and connective tissue.

29
Q

What are the connective tissue layers in skeletal muscle called?

A

mysia

30
Q

A dense sheet or broad band of irregular connective tissue that lines the body wall and limbs and supports and surrounds muscles and other organs of the body.

A

Fascia

31
Q

connective tissue/ fascia surrounding the muscle.

A

Epimysium

32
Q

connective tissue that extends inward from the epimysium and
surrounds/envelops muscle fasciculi/ bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles).

A

Perimysium

33
Q

connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers

A

Endomysium

34
Q

Skeletal Muscle Attachments

A

Tendon, aponeuroses, and tendon sheath

35
Q

a cord of dense fibrous connective tissue which becomes continuous. It
attaches a muscle to the periosteum of a bone.

A

Tendon

36
Q

is a tendons that take the form of broad, flat layer of thin sheets that attach to the coverings of a bone, another muscle, or the skin. (When the connective tissue elements extend as a broad, flat sheet, it is called an?)

A

Aponeuroses

37
Q

is a tubes of fibrous connective tissue that encloses certain tendons especially those at the wrist and ankle, permit tendons to slide back and forth more easily.

A

Tendon sheath

38
Q

It is less movable and generally proximal, more fixed point of attachment, and the attachment of a muscle tendon to the stationary bone.

A

Original

39
Q

It is more movable end and is generally distal to the movable bone.

A

Insertion

40
Q

muscle in between the origin and insertion.

A

Belly or gaster

41
Q

elongated cylindrical cells that lie parallel to one another

A

Myofibers

42
Q

plasma membrane, thin membrane that surrounds the muscle fibers

A

Sacolemma

43
Q

cytoplasm of a muscle fiber, which is multinucleated.

A

Sarcoplasm

44
Q

What does the sarcoplasm contain?

A

enzymes, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and myofibrils

45
Q

a netweork of membrane enclosed tubules comparable to smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

46
Q

dilated sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Terminal cisterns

47
Q

extensions of sarcolemma that opens to the outside of the muscle fiber

A

Transverse Tubules (T-tubules)

48
Q

consists of transvers tubule and the segments of sarcoplasmic reticulum (terminal cisterns) on either side

A

Triad

49
Q

Within myofibrils are smaller protein structures called

A

filaments or myofilaments

50
Q

What are the two kinds of myofilaments in myofibrils?

A

Thin myofilaments and thick myofilaments.

51
Q

What is the diameter of thin myofilaments?

A

6 nm in diameter.

52
Q

What proteins make up thin myofilaments?

A

Thin myofilaments are composed of three proteins:
(1) Tropomyosin – loosely attached to actin in strands.
(2) Troponin – located at regular intervals on tropomyosin.
(3) Actin – arranged in a double helix and contains myosin-binding sites.

53
Q

What are the three subunits of troponin, and what do they bind to?

A

Troponin has three subunits:

I – binds to actin.
C – binds to calcium.
T – binds to tropomyosin.

54
Q

What is the diameter of thick myofilaments?

A

16 nm in diameter

55
Q

What protein mainly composes thick myofilaments?

A

Myosin

56
Q

contain the actin-binding site and an ATP binding site

A

Cross bridges

57
Q

contain the actin-binding site and an ATP binding site

A

Cross bridges

58
Q
  • structural and functional unit of muscles
  • fundamental unit of muscular contraction
  • compartments where myofilaments of myofibrils are arranged
A

Sarcomeres

59
Q

Proteins that generate force during muscle contractions.

A

Contractile proteins

60
Q

Proteins that help switch muscle contraction process on and off.

A

Regulatory proteins

61
Q

Proteins that keep thick and thin filaments of myofibrils in proper alignment, give myofibrils elasticity and extensibility, and link myofibrils to sarcolemma and extracellular matrix

A

Structural protein

62
Q

What is the length and diameter of Cardiac Muscle?

A

50-100 um length, 10-20 um diameter

63
Q

What is the length and width of smooth muscle?

A

Length of 30-200 um, width of 5-10 um

anaPHY (LEC) (7 decks)

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