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anaPHY (LEC) > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

He coined the word “Cell”. Although, according to him, he believed that it only existed in plants.

A

Robert Hooke (1665)

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2
Q

pioneered the modern concept of pathological processes by his application of the “Cell Theory” to explain the effects of disease in the organs and
tissues of the body.

A

Rudolf Carl Virchow (1855)

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3
Q

discovered cells in plants in (1838)

A

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

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4
Q

proved that animals are also made up of cells (1839)

A

Theodor Schwann

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5
Q

The outermost component of a cell. It encloses the cytoplasm and forms the boundary between material inside the cell and outside the cell.

A

Cell membrane or plasma membrane

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6
Q

flexible yet sturdy barrier that consists mainly of lipids & proteins.

A

Cell membrane

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7
Q

can flow through to get into or out of the cell. They are selective, they only allow a single type of Ion to pass through.

A

Ion channels

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8
Q

Transports a specific substance across membrane by undergoing a change in shape

A

Carrier

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9
Q

Recognizes specific ligand and alters cell’s function in some way.

A

Receptor

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10
Q

Catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell.

A

Enzyme

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11
Q

Anchors filaments inside and outside the plasma membrane, providing structural stability and shape.

A

Linker

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12
Q

Distinguishes your cells from anyone else’s (unless you are an identical twin)

A

Cell identity marker

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13
Q

It is considered the “HEADQUARTER/CONTROL CENTER”

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

It is the outer covering of the nucleus that separate it from the cytoplasm.

A

Nucleus envelope

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15
Q

It is the site for/where ribosomes are assembled. It is also called the “PACEMAKER OF THE CELL”

A

Nucleolus/nucleoli

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16
Q

Within the nucleus are most of the cell’s hereditary units we call as ____, which control cellular structure and direct cellular activities.

A

Genes

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17
Q

It carries that hereditary characteristics of the gene

A

Chromatin granules

18
Q

It is the factory area of the cell

A

Cytoplasm

19
Q

Composed of cellular material outside nucleus snd inside the plasma membrane. It is a watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus and contains organelles

A

Cytoplasm

20
Q

Two components of cytoplasm

A

Cytosol - semitransparent fluid that suspend other elements. (it is the site of many chemical reactions required for a cell’s existence)

Organelles - specialized structures within the cell that performs a specific function

21
Q

Site of protein synthesis “Cell’s HON factories”

A

Ribosomes

22
Q

The smallest structures, attached to the lining of the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes

23
Q

known as the “mini circulatory system” or “transportation system” of the cell

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

24
Q

It contains innumerable small granules (ribosomes) which dot the outer surface of the membranous walls and give it its rough appearance.

A

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

The site for lipid synthesis

A

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

Known as the PACKAGE CENTER OF THE CELL

A

Golgi apparatus

27
Q

Known as the POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL

A

Mitochondria

28
Q

they breakdown the ingested material and dispose the degraded material.

A

Lysosomes

29
Q

It acts as the cell’s bones and muscles by
furnishing an internal framework that determines the cell’s shape and supports other organelles and provides the machinery needed for intracellular transport and various types of cellular movement.

A

Cytoskeleton

30
Q

They
occur in pairs, rod-shaped bodies that lie at
right angles to each other and referred to as

A

Diplosome/ Centrosome

31
Q

They function by directing the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division.

A

Centriole

32
Q

They occur in pairs, rod-shaped bodies that lie at
right angles to each other and referred to as Diplosomes/Centrosome.

A

Centriole

33
Q

the largest of the Cytoskeleton and
determines the overall shape of a cell and the distribution of organelle

A

Microtubule

34
Q

look like a tiny sausage shape and are made up
of double membrane, with a small
fluid-filled space in between.

A

Mitochondria

35
Q

help form chromosomes and helps resist pulling forces in the cell.

A

Intermediate filaments

36
Q

They are between microtubules and microfilaments in such a way that it is thinner than microtubules but thinner than microfilaments.

A

Intermediate filament

37
Q

involved in cell motility and in producing changes in cell shape.

A

Microfilament

38
Q

They are considered the thinnest elements of the cytoskeleton and are made up of protein actin and myosin.

A

Microfilament

39
Q

projections, whip like cellular extensions that
move substances along the cell surface.

A

Cilia

40
Q

a structure is similar to that of cilia but is much longer

A

Flagella

41
Q

cylindrical structures of the cell membrane.

A

Microvilli

anaPHY (LEC) (7 decks)

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