Cells Flashcards
He coined the word “Cell”. Although, according to him, he believed that it only existed in plants.
Robert Hooke (1665)
pioneered the modern concept of pathological processes by his application of the “Cell Theory” to explain the effects of disease in the organs and
tissues of the body.
Rudolf Carl Virchow (1855)
discovered cells in plants in (1838)
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
proved that animals are also made up of cells (1839)
Theodor Schwann
The outermost component of a cell. It encloses the cytoplasm and forms the boundary between material inside the cell and outside the cell.
Cell membrane or plasma membrane
flexible yet sturdy barrier that consists mainly of lipids & proteins.
Cell membrane
can flow through to get into or out of the cell. They are selective, they only allow a single type of Ion to pass through.
Ion channels
Transports a specific substance across membrane by undergoing a change in shape
Carrier
Recognizes specific ligand and alters cell’s function in some way.
Receptor
Catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell.
Enzyme
Anchors filaments inside and outside the plasma membrane, providing structural stability and shape.
Linker
Distinguishes your cells from anyone else’s (unless you are an identical twin)
Cell identity marker
It is considered the “HEADQUARTER/CONTROL CENTER”
Nucleus
It is the outer covering of the nucleus that separate it from the cytoplasm.
Nucleus envelope
It is the site for/where ribosomes are assembled. It is also called the “PACEMAKER OF THE CELL”
Nucleolus/nucleoli
Within the nucleus are most of the cell’s hereditary units we call as ____, which control cellular structure and direct cellular activities.
Genes
It carries that hereditary characteristics of the gene
Chromatin granules
It is the factory area of the cell
Cytoplasm
Composed of cellular material outside nucleus snd inside the plasma membrane. It is a watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus and contains organelles
Cytoplasm
Two components of cytoplasm
Cytosol - semitransparent fluid that suspend other elements. (it is the site of many chemical reactions required for a cell’s existence)
Organelles - specialized structures within the cell that performs a specific function
Site of protein synthesis “Cell’s HON factories”
Ribosomes
The smallest structures, attached to the lining of the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
known as the “mini circulatory system” or “transportation system” of the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
It contains innumerable small granules (ribosomes) which dot the outer surface of the membranous walls and give it its rough appearance.
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
The site for lipid synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Known as the PACKAGE CENTER OF THE CELL
Golgi apparatus
Known as the POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
Mitochondria
they breakdown the ingested material and dispose the degraded material.
Lysosomes
It acts as the cell’s bones and muscles by
furnishing an internal framework that determines the cell’s shape and supports other organelles and provides the machinery needed for intracellular transport and various types of cellular movement.
Cytoskeleton
They
occur in pairs, rod-shaped bodies that lie at
right angles to each other and referred to as
Diplosome/ Centrosome
They function by directing the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division.
Centriole
They occur in pairs, rod-shaped bodies that lie at
right angles to each other and referred to as Diplosomes/Centrosome.
Centriole
the largest of the Cytoskeleton and
determines the overall shape of a cell and the distribution of organelle
Microtubule
look like a tiny sausage shape and are made up
of double membrane, with a small
fluid-filled space in between.
Mitochondria
help form chromosomes and helps resist pulling forces in the cell.
Intermediate filaments
They are between microtubules and microfilaments in such a way that it is thinner than microtubules but thinner than microfilaments.
Intermediate filament
involved in cell motility and in producing changes in cell shape.
Microfilament
They are considered the thinnest elements of the cytoskeleton and are made up of protein actin and myosin.
Microfilament
projections, whip like cellular extensions that
move substances along the cell surface.
Cilia
a structure is similar to that of cilia but is much longer
Flagella
cylindrical structures of the cell membrane.
Microvilli
