Muscular System

Question 1

Name functions of the muscular system.

Answer 1

1. Movement 2. Support 3. Protection 4. Heat generation 5. Blood circulation 6. Cellular respiration

Question 2

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 2

Skeletal, cardiac & smooth.

Question 3

What two components make up muscular tissue?

Answer 3

Muscle cells and ECM (extracellular matrix)

Question 4

Muscle tissue is highly vascularised because muscle cells ….

Answer 4

Perform a lot of cellular respiration.

Question 5

What is the function of the skeletal muscle?
Is it an organ or a tissue?

Answer 5

Functions include moving body (muscles are attached to bones), maintaining posture, breathing & eating, generating heat via shivering.
Skeletal muscle is an ORGAN.

Question 6

What is the function of the cardiac muscle?
Is it an organ or a tissue?

Answer 6

Cardiac muscle is responsible for heart contractions.
Cardiac muscle is an ORGAN.

Question 7

What is the function of the smooth muscle?
Is it an organ or a tissue?

Answer 7

Smooth muscle is responsible for the majority of involuntary movements, such as peristalsis, blood flow through veins, birthing, changing shape of iris, etc.

Smooth muscle is a TISSUE.

Question 8

What are the three components that make up muscle (organ)?

Answer 8

Muscle tissue, Connective tissue (proper & specialized), and nervous tissue.

Question 9

Fill in the blanks.
BONUS: What is underlined in red? (hint: organ)

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Label the diagram.

Answer 12

Question 13

Label the diagram.

Answer 13

Question 14

Where are smooth muscles located?

Answer 14

Respiratory, digestive, urinary, cardiovascular tracts.
In skin.
In eyes.

Question 15

Where are cardiac muscles located?

Answer 15

In the heart.

Question 16

Where are skeletal muscles located?

Answer 16

Around bones and other muscles.

Question 17

Name characteristics of smooth muscle.

Answer 17

Not striated.
Involuntary movement.

Question 18

Name characteristics of cardiac muscle.

Answer 18

Striated.
Involuntary movement.

Question 19

Name characteristics of skeletal muscle.

Answer 19

Striated.
(mostly) Voluntary movement.
(exception: shivering)

Question 20

Name characteristics of skeletal muscle.

Answer 20

Striated.
(mostly) Voluntary movement.
(exception: shivering)

Question 21

What is excitability?

Answer 21

The quality of reacting to and responding to stimuli.
It’s how our muscles contract.

Question 22

What provides the energy for muscle contractions?

Answer 22

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 23

How do the three categories of muscle respond to stimuli from the nervous system?

Answer 23

Cardiac: responds to some degree.
Smooth: responds to some degree.
Skeletal: depends entirely on nervous system to function.

hint to help remember: think of someone with a spinal cord injury/paraplegia. their legs no longer function (severed nerves can’t send/receive information to skeletal muscle anymore) but the legs don’t die; there is still blood flow (thanks to smooth and cardiac muscle that don’t depend on nervous system input to function)

Question 24

What is muscle atrophy?
What is muscle hypertrophy?

Answer 24

Atrophy: Shrinking of muscles due to lack of usage.
Hypertrophy: Excess growth of muscles due to frequent use.

Question 25

If cardiac and smooth muscles don’t depend on nervous system stimuli, how do they function?

Answer 25

They have specialized cells that trigger input in the absence of nervous input.

IE: Pacemaker cells are the specialized cells in the heart that send electrical activity to the heart to make it beat. They don’t rely on any external stimuli to function.