Muscular System Flashcards
Name functions of the muscular system.
- Movement 2. Support 3. Protection 4. Heat generation 5. Blood circulation 6. Cellular respiration
What are the three types of muscle?
Skeletal, cardiac & smooth.
What two components make up muscular tissue?
Muscle cells and ECM (extracellular matrix)
Muscle tissue is highly vascularised because muscle cells ….
Perform a lot of cellular respiration.
What is the function of the skeletal muscle?
Is it an organ or a tissue?
Functions include moving body (muscles are attached to bones), maintaining posture, breathing & eating, generating heat via shivering.
Skeletal muscle is an ORGAN.
What is the function of the cardiac muscle?
Is it an organ or a tissue?
Cardiac muscle is responsible for heart contractions.
Cardiac muscle is an ORGAN.
What is the function of the smooth muscle?
Is it an organ or a tissue?
Smooth muscle is responsible for the majority of involuntary movements, such as peristalsis, blood flow through veins, birthing, changing shape of iris, etc.
Smooth muscle is a TISSUE.
What are the three components that make up muscle (organ)?
Muscle tissue, Connective tissue (proper & specialized), and nervous tissue.
Fill in the blanks.
BONUS: What is underlined in red? (hint: organ)
Label the diagram.
Label the diagram.
Where are smooth muscles located?
Respiratory, digestive, urinary, cardiovascular tracts.
In skin.
In eyes.
Where are cardiac muscles located?
In the heart.
Where are skeletal muscles located?
Around bones and other muscles.
Name characteristics of smooth muscle.
Not striated.
Involuntary movement.
Name characteristics of cardiac muscle.
Striated.
Involuntary movement.
Name characteristics of skeletal muscle.
Striated.
(mostly) Voluntary movement.
(exception: shivering)
Name characteristics of skeletal muscle.
Striated.
(mostly) Voluntary movement.
(exception: shivering)
What is excitability?
The quality of reacting to and responding to stimuli.
It’s how our muscles contract.
What provides the energy for muscle contractions?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
How do the three categories of muscle respond to stimuli from the nervous system?
Cardiac: responds to some degree.
Smooth: responds to some degree.
Skeletal: depends entirely on nervous system to function.
hint to help remember: think of someone with a spinal cord injury/paraplegia. their legs no longer function (severed nerves can’t send/receive information to skeletal muscle anymore) but the legs don’t die; there is still blood flow (thanks to smooth and cardiac muscle that don’t depend on nervous system input to function)
What is muscle atrophy?
What is muscle hypertrophy?
Atrophy: Shrinking of muscles due to lack of usage.
Hypertrophy: Excess growth of muscles due to frequent use.
If cardiac and smooth muscles don’t depend on nervous system stimuli, how do they function?
They have specialized cells that trigger input in the absence of nervous input.
IE: Pacemaker cells are the specialized cells in the heart that send electrical activity to the heart to make it beat. They don’t rely on any external stimuli to function.
