Integumentary System Flashcards
Main functions of integumentary system (5)
- Provides protection
- Regulates temperature
- Produces Vitamin D
- Controls H20 loss
- Sensory receptors detect stimuli
What three types of protection does the integumentary system offer?
- Biological (immune cells)
- Chemical (sweat, sebum and melanin. low pH wards off bacteria)
- Physical (1st line of défense, prevents pathogen entry)
4 main components that make up the integumentary system
Haïr, nails, skin, exocrine glands.
Name three layers of skin and their function.
- Epidermis: protective barrier, contains melanocytes and keratinocytes.
- Dermis: contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves, provides structural support.
- Hypodermis: contains fat and connective tissue, provides insulation.
What role do melanocytes play?
Produces melanin (protects skin from UV rays)
What role do keratinocytes play?
Produces keratin (protein that forms hair & nails, and maintains integrity and structure of skin)
Describe the three types of burns.
1st degree: Affects the epidermis, causes pain, redness & swelling.
2nd degree: Affects the epidermis + dermis, causes all of the above + blistering.
3rd degree: Affects the hypodermis, causes nerve damage, charred skin.
Describe the function of sensory neurons in the skin. Where are they located?
Present in all layers of skin, they are responsible for detecting external stimuli (touch, temperature, pain.)
How can the sun cause cancer?
UV rays damage the DNA in cells, causing mutations (mistakes when cell is growing, cancer is basically uncontrolled growth and spread of these faulty cells.)
How does the skin aid in thermorégulation?
The skin cools us down via sweating. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels. (Vasodilation brings more blood to skin surface = more heat is released = body cools down, and vice-versa for vasoconstriction)
Define and describe a hematoma.
Commonly known as a bruise, it is the collection of clotted blood and HGB under the skin. Occurs when blood vessels break, and blood leaks into surrounding tissues. As blood and HGB are Brooke down, colour changes from blue/purple to yellowish.
Define and describe pressure ulcers.
A pressure ulcer is an injury to the skin caused by prolonged pressure on the skin. This pressure restricts blood flow to the affected area and causes tissue damage.
Define and describe a callous.
A callous is a thickened, rough area of skin that develops due to prolonged friction/irritation of the area. The epidermis responds to this irritation by producing more cells, which causes thicker tougher skin.
Define and describe a sunburn.
A sunburn is an inflammatory response to damage from UV rays. Skin becomes red and warm due to vasodilation.
Fill in the blanks.
Epidermis, dermis (CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER), hypodermis.
Fill in the blanks.
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis.
Fill in the blanks. (Dermis)
Fill in the blanks.
