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sport unit 1 > muscular system > Flashcards

muscular system Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

what is the role of a fixator muscle during exercise?

A
  • stabilises the origin so working muscles can contract
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2
Q

what is isometric contraction+example?

A

-length of muscle doesn’t change or angle at joint
- muscle holds a static position but still produces tension
E.G: plank

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3
Q

agonist and antagonist in knee flexion

A

agonist-hamstrings
antagonist-quadriceps

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4
Q

fixator and synergist in knee flexion

A

fixator-glutes
synergist-gastrocnemius

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5
Q

agonist and antagonist in elbow flexion

A

agonist- biceps
antagonist- triceps

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6
Q

what is an agonist

A

agonist: muscle that contracts to produce movement

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7
Q

what is an antagonist

A

muscle that relaxes

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8
Q

what is a synergist

A

muscle that assists the agonist

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9
Q

what is the fixator

A

muscle that assists the agonist by stabilising the origin so the muscle can contract

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10
Q

insertion

A
  • the end of the muscle that moves
  • normally crossed over a joint to allow movement when the muscle shortens
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11
Q

origin

A
  • fixed end of the muscle that remains stationary
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12
Q

how does increased muscle pliability affect an athlete?

A

-muscles working more therefore need energy so temperature increases
-makes muscles more flexible
-allowing greater range of movement
-preventing injury

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13
Q

describe responses of muscular system

A

-blood supply increases cause there’s a greater demand for oxygen. the oxygen is used for energy. blood vessels vasodilate so greater blood flow reaches working muscle
-micro tears: tiny tears in fibres when muscles are under stress
-lactate production, anaerobic exercise rapid fatigue/burning+heaviness in muscles

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14
Q

how does increased myoglobin stores help athletes

A

-increased myoglobin stores: responsible for binding and storing oxygen, means increased oxygen transported to mitochondria
-more energy is available

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15
Q

adaptations of muscular system

A

-increased storage of glycogen
-hypertrophy
-increased storage of fat
-increased tolerance to lactate

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16
Q

additional factors affecting muscular system?

A

age: get older muscle mass decreases , decrease in muscle strength and power
cramp: involuntary contraction of muscles, tightening or muscle fibres.

17
Q

how does dehydration cause cramp?

A

-results in inadequate supply of blood to the muscles, reducing the supply of oxygen and essential minerals

18
Q

what causes muscle temperature to increase during exercise?

A

-temperature increases as muscles need energy
-fats and carbohydrates are broken down to satisfy this
-produces heat as a waste product
-higher energy demands= greater breakdown of fuel sources=more heat in muscle

19
Q

what is the all or none law

A
  • a muscle must receive a nerve impulse to contract
    -the stimulus must be sufficient enough to activate at least one motor neuron and the attached muscle fibres
    -if stimulus isn’t large enough to stimulate motor unit no contraction will take place
    -all muscle fibres must be activated or no contraction will occur
20
Q

what does a motor unit consist of?

A

a neuron and a muscle fibre

21
Q

characteristics of type 1 muscle fibres

A

-exert smaller forces at slower speeds
-suited to long duration events as they have high aerobic capacity
-high mitochondria counts- provides more opportunities for aerobic respiration to occur
-dense capillary networks: increase
blood supply
-long distance

22
Q

characteristics of type 2a muscle fibres

A

-exert greater forces at higher speeds
-fatigue quicker: limited aerobic capabilities
-less efficiency blood supply
-less reliant on oxygen have good aerobic capabilities
-large glycogen stores: allow high intensity work
-400m run, speed activitues

23
Q

characteristics of type 2x muscle fibres

A

-highest contraction force and speed
-large pc stores allow explosive and high intensity movements
-limited blood supply and mitochondria: reduce aerobic capabilities
-100m sprint, football runs

24
Q

skeletal muscle type characteristics

A

-attached to bone
-voluntary control
-complete sporting movements

25
Q

cardiac muscle type characteristics

A

-surrounds the heart
-ejects blood at high pressures around the body
-involuntary control

26
Q

smooth muscle type characteristics

A

-in digestive tract and blood vessel walls
-contract to assist follow of fluids through the body
-involuntary control

27
Q

what is doms?

A

-response to exercise
-significant tears during exercise can remain inhaled for 2-3 days leading to prolonged discomfort

sport unit 1 (5 decks)

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