cardiovascualr system

Question 1

responses of cardiovascular system

Question 2

blood journey through the heart

Answer 2

vena cava, right atrium, triscupid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aorta

Question 3

what are arteries function?

Answer 3

-carry blood away from the heart
-found deeper in the body
-more muscular
-contain blood under high pressure

Question 4

functions of cardiovascular system

Answer 4

-deliver oxygen and nutrients
-removal of waste products
-thermoregulation
-fighting infection
clotting blood

Question 5

responses of CV system

Answer 5

• increased heart rate
  -anticipatory rise before exercise
  -increased cardiac output
  -increased blood pressure
  -redirection of blood flow

Question 6

nervous control of cardiac cycle

Answer 6

-controlled by nerves,
-impulse arrives at heart and passed to sa node
-moves through to the avn then passed to bundle of his which is then sent to purkinje fibres
-causes muscles to contract

Question 7

role of SAN

Answer 7

-sends impulse to heart
-causes contractions which forces blood within atrial to ventricles

Question 8

role of AVN

Answer 8

-acts as a buffer to slow signal down from SA node
-allows atria to contract before ventricles
-means ventricles are relaxed ready to receive blood

Question 9

role of bundle of his

Answer 9

-responsible for transporting impulses from AV node
-conducts electrical impulses down central part of heart in 2 branches

Question 10

role of purkinje fibres

Answer 10

-conducts impulses back up ventricle walls
-enables ventricles to complete their contraction
-causes blood to be pushed up or out valves towards lungs or body

Question 11

role of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

sympathetic nerve prepared the body for ‘flight or fight’ response
this causes the heart to beat faster and meet the demands of exercise

Question 12

role of parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

-relaxes body and inhibits high energy functions
-slows heart rate to its normal levels
-occurs after exercise

Question 13

what is starlings law

Answer 13

greater the venous return, greater stroke volume

Question 14

adaptations of cardiovascular system

Answer 14

-increase in stroke volume
-cardiac hypertrophy
-decrease in resting heart rate
-reduction in resting blood pressure
-increase in blood volume

Question 15

explain capillarisation of skeletal muscles and alveoli

Answer 15

-long term training increases number of capillaries
-blood flow increases due to this and increase in size and number of blood vessels
-allows more oxygen and nutrients to be delivered to body and working muscles

Question 16

what is hyperthermia

Answer 16

prolonged increase in body temperature
frequent cause is dehydration eh h reduces blood volume and its ability to thermoregulatw

Question 17

what is hypothermia

Answer 17

prolonged decrease in body temperature
inadequate clothing or environment are common causes of
forces cardiovascular system to respond in ways to retain heat

Question 18

describe process of blood clotting

Answer 18

platelets gather where a vessel wall is damaged
fibrin strands generated by blood plasma bind platelets together to form a clot
prevents further blood loss

Question 19

additional factors

Answer 19

SADS
BLOOD PRESSURE
HYPO:HYPERTHERMIA

Question 20

why does an anticipatory rise occur

Answer 20

due to release of adrenaline

Question 21

what happens to heart race during a race

Answer 21

-rapid increase in heart rate due to increased demand of o2
then heart rate plateaus as oxygen supply has met the demand