muscular system

Question 1

list the three types of muscle

Answer 1

1. skeletal muscle
2. cardiac muscle
3. smooth muscle

Question 2

characteristics of skeletal muscle

Answer 2

• voluntary muscle
• straited
• attached to the skeleton

Question 3

Function of tendons

Answer 3

• attaches muscle to bone
• a tough fibrous connective tissue

Question 4

function of aponeuroses

Answer 4

attaches muscles to bone using broad sheets of fibrous connective tissue

Question 5

function of ligaments

Answer 5

attaches bone to bone

Question 6

Name and location of the five most common injection sites

Answer 6

1. Hamstring group (3 sites here)
2. Quadricep muscle
3. Triceps muscle
4. Trapezius muscle
5. Epaxial muscles - along either side of the spine

Question 7

characteristics of cardiac muscle

Answer 7

• involuntary
• disorganized looking, partially straited
• only found on/by the walls of the heart

Question 8

characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 8

• involuntary
• not straited (thus the smooth)
• covers the walls of internal organs

Question 9

describe muscle action
- prime mover (agonist):
- antagonist:

Answer 9

• prime mover (agonist): a muscle/group that directly produces a desired movement (alone will create bird like movement)
• antagonist: a muscle/group that directly opposes the action of a primer mover
• together, they create a fluid movement

Question 10

function of muscles of respiration

Answer 10

increases and decreases the size of the thoracic cavity

Question 11

inspiratory muscles

Answer 11

• diaphragm: inhale - contracts the diaphragm (gets smaller). exhale - relaxes the diaphragm (expands)

Question 12

expiratory muscles

Answer 12

• internal intercostal muscles
• abdominal muscles
  ex: lungs with breathing

Question 13

neuromuscular junction

Answer 13

where the ends of motor nerve fibers ‘connect’ to muscle fibers

Question 14

components of neuromuscular junctions

Answer 14

1. presynaptic vessel/terminal
2. acetylcholine - “red balls” that rea released from the terminal to the postsynaptic membrane
3. postsynaptic membrane (comes after the synaptic cleft/space)

Question 15

describe the events of muscle contraction:
1. Nerve pulses…
2. ___ is released into…
3. This triggers the release of…

Answer 15

1. nerve pulses reaches the end bulb of the motor nerve fiber (spiderweb looking thing)
2. acetylcholine is released to synaptic space (the red balls)
3. neurochemical impulse triggers the release of Ca++ which diffuses into the myofibrils and starts the contraction process

Question 16

describe the events of muscle relaxation
1. __ reticulum begins…
2. Ca++…
3. ___ stops…

Answer 16

1. sarcoplasmic reticulum begins pumping Ca++ back in again
2. Ca++ is pulled out of the myofibrils
3. contraction stops, muscle returns to it’s original length