respiratory system

Question 1

what is internal respiration

Answer 1

O2 & CO2 exchange between blood in the systemic capillaries and all cells/tissues of the body

Question 2

List the upper respiratory tract (4)

Answer 2

1. Nose/Nostrils - AKA Nare
2. Nasal passages
3. Pharynx
4. Larynx
5. Trachea

Question 3

Function of nostrils/nose

Answer 3

First structure air molecules will encounter

Question 4

Function of nasal passages

Answer 4

warm, humidify, and filter air

Question 5

Function of pharynx

Answer 5

• in between the larynx and nasal passage
• larynx & pharynx work together to prevent air/substances from “going down the wrong tube”
• swallowing: breathing stops and larynx is covered and esophagus is opened

Question 6

Function of larynx

Answer 6

“voice box” voice production
- vocal cords: two connective tissue bands attached to the arytenoid cartilages
- control airflow to and from the lings

Question 7

Function of the trachea

Answer 7

• from larynx to thorax
• divides the two main bronchi that enter the lungs
• composed of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle held open by hyaline cartilage rings

Question 8

Structures of the lower respiratory tract (4)

Answer 8

1. bronchi
2. bronchioles
3. alveolar ducts
4. alveoli

Question 9

Function of alveoli

Answer 9

“balloons at the end where the only gas exchange occurs”
- site of respiration
- surrounded by networks of capillaries
- lined with surfactant

Question 10

Function of alveolar ducts

Answer 10

• arranged like bunches of grapes
• alveolar sacs: these are essential to get gas/oxy into the blood

Question 11

Function of bronchi tree

Answer 11

divides smaller and smaller passageways (like a branching tree) coming off of the trachea

Question 12

Function of bronhioles

Question 13

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 13

Deoxy blood enters the lungs from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery.
Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart in the pulmonary veins

Question 14

Capillary beds

Question 15

Process of respiration

Answer 15

pressure within the thorax if neg with respect to atmospheric pressure
1. pulls lings tight out against the thoracic wall
2. lungs follow passively as thoracic wall & diaphragm alt. enlarge/reduce the vol of thorax
3. neg intrathoracic pressure helps draw blood through veins and into the atria

Question 16

Alveolar gas exchange

Answer 16

• simple diffusion of gas molecules according to concentration gradient
• O2 diffuses from the alveolar air into the blood of alv. capillary
• CO2 diffuses from the blood into the alveolus

Question 17

Chemical control system

Answer 17

• adjusts the normal rhythmic breathing pattern produced by mechanical control system
• blood label of CO2 and blood pH are usually linked
  –increased CO2 & decreased blood pH triggers respir. center to increase rate and depth of respir.
  –decreased CO2 in blood increases blood pH, triggers respir. center to decrease rate and depth of respir.

Question 18

What is external respiration

Answer 18

O2 & CO2 exchange between inhaled air blood in pulmonary capillaries