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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 5 - Tissues: Living Communities > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Tissues: Living Communities Flashcards

1
Q

List the four types of tissues

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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2
Q

Epithelial tissue is composed of…

A

Sheets of cells that cover and line other tissues

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3
Q

Examples of epithelial tissue

A

It lines the bladder, stomach, blood vessels, thorax, skin, and all of the cavities and ducts in the body. Basically, anywhere you wouldn’t want something leaking out/into your body

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4
Q

Characteristics of Epithelia are…

A

Each cell has an apical surface (faces the linen or outside of the organ) and basal surface (faces the underlying tissues)

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5
Q

The basement membrane is a mesh work of…the epithelial cell to the underlying…

A
  1. Fibers that cements
  2. Connective tissue
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6
Q

Basement membrane helps prevent cells from being what?

A

Torn off

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7
Q

Basement membrane acts as a…between the epithelial cell and underlying…tissue

A
  1. Partial barrier
  2. Connective tissue
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8
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

“Into the blood stream”
Glands that have NO ducts or tubules & whose secretions are distributed throughout the body
-Produce/secrete hormones into bloodstream or the lymphatic system

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9
Q

Exocrine Glands (hint: anal glands classify as these)

A

“Into a duct”
-Discharge secretions via ducts directly into local areas (not goblet cell)
-Unicellular or multi

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10
Q

Examples of epithelial specialization

A
  1. Scales
  2. Fur, whiskers
  3. Frog skin (secrete mucus)
  4. Claws, hooves
  5. Beaks
    Etc
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11
Q

Surface specialization of epithelial cells vary depending on where they are located. What are the 4 types?

A
  1. Smooth
  2. Microvilli (brush border)
  3. Cilia
  4. Keratin
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12
Q

Connective tissue forms connections between…and forms a protective sheath around organs and helps…the body

A
  1. Other tissues, like tendons (muscle to bone)
  2. Insulate
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13
Q

Connective tissue acts as a reserve for…and provides the…that supports the…

A
  1. Energy (fat storage)
  2. Frame
  3. Body (bones & ligaments)
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14
Q

Connective tissue plays a role in the healing process (T/F)

A

True! (such as scarring)

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15
Q

Areolear (loose connective tissue)

A

Thin soft tissue that contains collagen and many fibers. These cells are not close together

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16
Q

Adipose tissue (fat)

A

Stores energy, cushions and protects organs. Produces hormones

17
Q

Specialized connective tissues (3 of them)

A
  1. Cartilage
  2. Bone
  3. Blood
18
Q

Cartilage is found in joints and the…

A

Ear, nose, and vocal cords

19
Q

Cartilage forms a…bone is formed

A

framework on which

20
Q

Cartilage can heal after it’s been damaged (T/F)

A

False! It cannot heal after it’s been damaged

21
Q

Bone is a combination of…fibers and…

A
  1. Organic collagen fibers
  2. Inorganic calcium salts
22
Q

Blood’s matrix is…
Ground substance:___
Fibrous component:___

A

Ground substance: Plasma
Fibrous component: Protein

23
Q

Blood cells:
-Erthrocytes
-Leukocytes
-Thrombocytes
What are their “common” names?

A
  1. Erthrocytes: Red cell
  2. Leukocytes: White cells
  3. Thrombocytes: Platelets
23
Q

Muscle tissue is composed of actin & myosin fibers (T/F)

A

True!

24
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Smooth
  3. Cardiac
25
Q

Skeletal muscle has large cells that contain hundreds of… And is usually controlled through…efforts

A
  1. Nuclei and mitochondria
  2. Conscious effort (voluntary muscle)
26
Q

Smooth muscle is composed of…that lack striations. Muscle contractions…controlled

A
  1. Small, spindle shaped cells that lack striations
  2. Contractions cannot be controlled (nonstriated involuntary muscle)
27
Q

Where is smooth muscle found? (Hint: it’s in some autonomic areas)

A

Walls of hollow organs, exocrine glands, and along respiratory tract

28
Q

Cardiac muscles are held together/connected via___
(Hint: it’s like velcro)

A

Intercalated disks - like velcro to hold cardiac cells together & communicates

29
Q

Cardiac muscle is autonomic and only found in the…

A

Heart

30
Q

Cardiac muscle contains specialized…that supply signals for the heart to…intervals

A
  1. Pacemaker cells
  2. Contract at regular intervals
31
Q

Inflammation is the first step to healing and helps with the growth of new cells (T/F)

A

True! But only in controlled amounts

32
Q

List the six steps of inflammation

A
  1. Pre hemostasis - vessel constriction
  2. Vasodilation - pull white cells& granulocytes (similar to itchiness)
  3. Swelling
  4. Colt formation
  5. Phagocytosis - eats dead/broken cells (poop is brown due to dead RBC)
  6. Capillaries return to normal size - Blood flow/fluid leakage in affected area lessen

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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