Chapter 3 - The Amazing Cell

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

Cells that don’t have a nucleus

Question 2

Eukaryotes

Answer 2

Cells that have a nucleus. Found in all multi-cellular organisms

Question 3

Cell Membrane

Answer 3

Acts as a flexible, elastic barrier between inner cytoplasm and the outside world

Question 4

Cell Membrane governs and consists of what?

Answer 4

1. Governs what atoms and molecules can move in/out of the cell
2. Consists of protein and phospholipids
   - Also includes cholesterol, other lipids, and carbs

Question 5

Lipid Bilayer

Answer 5

Two layers of phospholipid molecules so hydrophilic “head” is on the outside and the hydrophilic “tails” are on the inside

Question 6

Fluid Mosaic

Answer 6

Proteins are suspended in the bilayer and move easily throughout the membrane to create a constantly changing pattern

Question 7

Cilia & Flagella are extensions of the…that extend into the…

Answer 7

1. Plasma membrane
2. Extracellular space

Question 8

Cilia occurs…

Answer 8

in large numbers on the exposed surface of some cells

Question 9

Cilia’s function

Answer 9

Move synchronously creating waves of motion that propel fluid, mucus, and debris across the cellular surface (like when a smoker stops smoking)

Question 10

Flagella occurs…

Answer 10

Usually singly and are significantly longer than cilia

Question 11

Flagella

Question 12

Organelles are…structures within the…that possess specialized cellular functions

Answer 12

1. Membrane-bound
2. Cytoplasm

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

• Dark-staining, spherical or multisegmented body
• DNA is made here!

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

Produces most of the energy that fuels the cell, ATP

Question 15

Ribosomes

Answer 15

Protein synthesis occurs here! They are made of RNA and protein

Question 16

Rough ER

Answer 16

• Has ribosomes
• Produces, chemically modifies, and packages proteins (usually golgi app.)

Question 17

Smooth ER

Answer 17

• No ribosomes!
• Produces, modifies, and packages lipids and carbs

Question 18

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 18

Composed of stacks of flattened, crescent-shaped tubes called “cisternae”

Question 19

Lysosomes - FINISH!!

Answer 19

Contain hydrolytic enzymes enclosed in a single____

Question 20

DNA vs RNA

Answer 20

DNA: double helix
RNA: single strand. RNA is also the “working copy.” Like copies of an originals painting.

Question 21

Stages of Mitosis (4 stages) and stage that occurs after

Answer 21

PMAT
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
After: Cytokinesis

Question 22

Prophase

Answer 22

Chromosomes are condensing and are still visible

Question 23

Metaphase

Answer 23

Nucleus is disassembled and chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell

Question 24

Anaphase

Answer 24

Chromosomes are pulled by spindles and move to the opposite polls of the cell

Question 25

Telophase

Answer 25

At opposite polls, new nuclei are being formed around the chromosomes

Question 26

Cytokinesis

Answer 26

This occurs after mitosis. It’s when the cytoplasm is split