Muscular and skeletal Flashcards
What is the difference between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton
Axial skeleton - main trunk of skeleton which protects vital organs
Appendicular skeleton - where most movement occurs.
What are the 5 functions of the skeleton
- Protection
- Shape and support
- Mineral storage
- Human movement
- Blood cell production
What is the role and an example of a long bone
Femur. Act as levers for movement and blood cell production
What is the role and an example of a flat bone
Sternum. Provide protection and muscle attachment
What is the role and an example of a short bone
Tarsals and Carpals. Weight bearing
What is the role and an example of an irregular bone
Vertebrae. Protection – spinal cord
What is the role and an example of a sesamoid bone
Patella. Ease joint movement & resist compression
What are the 2 different bone types found in long bones
Compact bone (hard) and cancellous bone (spongy)
What are the 3 types of joints
- Immoveable or fixed / Fibrous
- Slightly Moveable / Cartilaginous
- Freely Moveable / Synovial Joints (6 different categories)
What is the main component of a bone
Collagen - a fibrous protein with great strength
What are fibrous joints and an example of one
Joints where no movement between the bones is possible. Because they are held together with strong white collagen fibres. Example: the skull
What are cartilaginous joints and an example of one
Joints that can slightly move where the surface of the bones are
separated with some intervening substances e.g. the intervertebral discs and the fibro-cartilage between each vertebrae.
What is the role of a ligament
Attaches bone to bone
Absorbs shock
Ensures good posture and alignment
What is the role of the tendon
Attaches muscle to bone
Transmits a contraction force to the
bone to create movement
What is the role of cartilage
Covers the end of long bones
Prevents friction
Acts as a shock absorber
