Aerobic system 20 marker Flashcards
Aerobic Glycolysis
glycogen/glucose broken down to pyruvate
in the sarcoplasm
enzymes – Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) / phosphofructokinase (PFK)
2 ATP produced.
- Pyruvate is converted in the link reaction
into acetyl co-enzyme A/CoA
which enters the Kreb’s cycle/citric acid cycle.
- (acetyl CoA)
combines with oxaloacetic acid
to form citric acid/cyclical set of reactions
in (matrix of) mitochondria
2 ATP produced
carbon dioxide released (and expired)
hydrogen produced (which enters ETC).
- (Fats)
fatty acids also used as fuel
beta-oxidation
much larger amounts of ATP produced (dependent on type of fat).
- (ETC)
(hydrogen enters) electron transport/transfer chain
(hydrogen carried by) carrier molecules / NADs and FADs
to cristae (of mitochondria)
(where H is split into) H+/protons/ions and electrons
H+ combines with oxygen to produce water
34 ATP produced / 38 ATP in total.
(effect of fitness)
Aerobic capacity is very high (which means):
runner is able to use more fats as fuel
because he can get more oxygen to the muscles
fats need more oxygen to metabolise/break down for energy
runner can conserve stores of glycogen
(adaptations – heart)
myocardial hypertrophy
stronger contractions
increased stroke volume
increased maximal cardiac output.
- (adaptations – vascular)
Increased capillarisation:
at both muscles/tissues and lungs
greater surface area/greater gaseous exchange/more oxygenated blood
to muscles / quicker removal of waste products/CO2
increased buffering capacity
improved vascular shunt mechanism
increased elasticity of arterial walls.
- (adaptations – blood)
increased blood (plasma) volume
decreased viscosity of blood
increased red blood cells/haemoglobin.
- (explanation)
almost all of the adaptations will increase oxygen to muscles
speed up lactate breakdown/removal
improve blood flow
(improved elasticity of arterial walls means) lower blood
pressure/increased ability to cope with higher blood pressures.
