muscular Flashcards
What are the 3 muscle types?
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
state the characteristics of the cardiac muscle (Heart)
-Striped tissue,
-involuntary reaction,
-has its own nerve and blood supply ( coronary artery),
-also called myocardium,
- all or nothing theory( all contract together or they don’t)
-contracts around a 60-80 times per minute
FUNCTION- pump blood around body
state the characteristics of the skeletal muscle
-A voluntary action
- Fibres contain sarcomere that contract to produce strong rapids contractions
- can get easily fatigued during exercise if used repeatedly
- make up approx. 40% of body weight
- attaches to bones across a joint to produce movement and maintain posture
state the characteristics of the smooth muscle:
-Smooth ( no stripes or sarcomeres
-involuntary reaction
- controls movement of internal organs unconsciously
- found in circulatory, digestive and urinary systems
- produces slow and sustained contractions
- peristaltic action= contacts consecutively which produces a wave effect
state the types of skeletal muscle fibres
slow and fast twitch fibres
characterises of slow twitch muscle fibres
-Rich capillary supply,
-numerous mitochondria and aerobic respiratory enzymes
- hight concentration of myoglobin
what is myoglobin?
a red pigmented protein similar to heomoglobin
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the rectus abdominis
function= flex ion and rotation of the lumbar region
Location= muscles running down abdomen (6pack)
Origin= pubic crest and symphysis
Insertion= Xiphoid process
Exercise=situps
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the transverse abdominis
function= provides stability of the spine and pelvis: posture
location= front and sides of abdomen
origin= anterior iliac crest
insertion= pubic crest and symphysis
activity= contracts during weight lifting and provides stability for back
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the illopsoas
function= flexion of the hip joint
location= lumbar region of spine to sop of thigh(femur)
origin=lumbar vertebrae
insertion= femur
activity= knee raises, lunges and squat activation
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the Quadriceps
rectus femoris, vastus literalis/medialis/intermedius
function=extends lower leg and flexes thigh
location= front of thigh
origin= illium and femur
insertion= tibia and fibular
exercise= squats, knee bends
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the hamstrings
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, bicep femoris
function= flexes lower leg and extends thigh
location= back of thigh
origin= ischium and femur
insertion=tibia and fibula
exercise= leg curls, straight leg deadlifts
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the gastrocnemius
function= plantar flexion, flexes knee
location= large calve muscle
origin=femur
insertion=calcaneus
exercise= running, jumping, standing on toes
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the soleus
function= plantar flexion
location= deep to gastrocnemius
origin= fibula and tibia
exercise= running and jumping
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the tibalis anterior
function= dorsiflexion of foot
location= front of tibia on lower leg
origin= lateral condyle
insertion= medial cuneiform
exercise= all running and jumping exercises
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the erector spinae
function= extension of spine
location= long muscles running either side of spine
origin= cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae
insertion= cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae
exercise= prime mover of back extension
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the obliques
function= lateral flexion of trunk
location=waist
origin= pubic vest and iliac crest
insertion= fleshy strips to lower right ribs
exercise= oblique curls
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the gluteals
gluteus maximus/meduis / minimus
function= extends thigh
location= large muscle on buttocks
origin= ilium, sacrum and coccyx
insertion=femur
exercise= knee bending movements, cycling and squatting
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise of the triceps branchii
function-extends lower arm
location-outside upper arm
origin-humerus and scapular
insertion-oiecranon process
exercise- dips,press-ups, overhead pressing
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise of the deltoids
posterior, anterior,medial
function- abducts, flexes and extends upper arm
location- forms cap of shoulder
origin- clavicle, scapular and acromion
insertion- humerus
exercise- forward, lateral and back-arm raises, overhead lifting
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise of the shoulder rotators
medial and lateral
function-provides stability of shoulder joint and rotation of the humerus
location- shoulder joint
origin-scapular
insertion-humerus
exercise- forward, lateral and back-arm raises, overhead lifting
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the pectoralis major
function- flexes and adducts upper arm
location- large chest muscle
origin- sternum, clavicle and rib cartilage
insertion- humerus
activity- all pressing movements
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the sternocleidomastoid
function- rotation of the head
location- on both sides of neck (cervical vertebrae
origin-clavicle
insertion-temporal bone (side of skull)
exercise- rotation of head such as looking in different directions
what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the biceps branchii
function- flexion of the lower arm at the elbow
location- front of upper arm
origin-scapular
insertion- radius
exercise- bicep curl, pull-ups