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Functional Anatomy - Alevel > muscular > Flashcards

muscular Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 muscle types?

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

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2
Q

state the characteristics of the cardiac muscle (Heart)

A

-Striped tissue,
-involuntary reaction,
-has its own nerve and blood supply ( coronary artery),
-also called myocardium,
- all or nothing theory( all contract together or they don’t)
-contracts around a 60-80 times per minute
FUNCTION- pump blood around body

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3
Q

state the characteristics of the skeletal muscle

A

-A voluntary action
- Fibres contain sarcomere that contract to produce strong rapids contractions
- can get easily fatigued during exercise if used repeatedly
- make up approx. 40% of body weight
- attaches to bones across a joint to produce movement and maintain posture

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4
Q

state the characteristics of the smooth muscle:

A

-Smooth ( no stripes or sarcomeres
-involuntary reaction
- controls movement of internal organs unconsciously
- found in circulatory, digestive and urinary systems
- produces slow and sustained contractions
- peristaltic action= contacts consecutively which produces a wave effect

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5
Q

state the types of skeletal muscle fibres

A

slow and fast twitch fibres

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6
Q

characterises of slow twitch muscle fibres

A

-Rich capillary supply,
-numerous mitochondria and aerobic respiratory enzymes
- hight concentration of myoglobin

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7
Q

what is myoglobin?

A

a red pigmented protein similar to heomoglobin

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8
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the rectus abdominis

A

function= flex ion and rotation of the lumbar region
Location= muscles running down abdomen (6pack)
Origin= pubic crest and symphysis
Insertion= Xiphoid process
Exercise=situps

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9
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the transverse abdominis

A

function= provides stability of the spine and pelvis: posture
location= front and sides of abdomen
origin= anterior iliac crest
insertion= pubic crest and symphysis
activity= contracts during weight lifting and provides stability for back

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10
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the illopsoas

A

function= flexion of the hip joint
location= lumbar region of spine to sop of thigh(femur)
origin=lumbar vertebrae
insertion= femur
activity= knee raises, lunges and squat activation

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11
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the Quadriceps

A

rectus femoris, vastus literalis/medialis/intermedius
function=extends lower leg and flexes thigh
location= front of thigh
origin= illium and femur
insertion= tibia and fibular
exercise= squats, knee bends

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12
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the hamstrings

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, bicep femoris
function= flexes lower leg and extends thigh
location= back of thigh
origin= ischium and femur
insertion=tibia and fibula
exercise= leg curls, straight leg deadlifts

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13
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the gastrocnemius

A

function= plantar flexion, flexes knee
location= large calve muscle
origin=femur
insertion=calcaneus
exercise= running, jumping, standing on toes

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14
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the soleus

A

function= plantar flexion
location= deep to gastrocnemius
origin= fibula and tibia
exercise= running and jumping

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15
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the tibalis anterior

A

function= dorsiflexion of foot
location= front of tibia on lower leg
origin= lateral condyle
insertion= medial cuneiform
exercise= all running and jumping exercises

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16
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the erector spinae

A

function= extension of spine
location= long muscles running either side of spine
origin= cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae
insertion= cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae
exercise= prime mover of back extension

17
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the obliques

A

function= lateral flexion of trunk
location=waist
origin= pubic vest and iliac crest
insertion= fleshy strips to lower right ribs
exercise= oblique curls

18
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the gluteals

A

gluteus maximus/meduis / minimus
function= extends thigh
location= large muscle on buttocks
origin= ilium, sacrum and coccyx
insertion=femur
exercise= knee bending movements, cycling and squatting

19
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise of the triceps branchii

A

function-extends lower arm
location-outside upper arm
origin-humerus and scapular
insertion-oiecranon process
exercise- dips,press-ups, overhead pressing

20
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise of the deltoids

A

posterior, anterior,medial
function- abducts, flexes and extends upper arm
location- forms cap of shoulder
origin- clavicle, scapular and acromion
insertion- humerus
exercise- forward, lateral and back-arm raises, overhead lifting

21
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise of the shoulder rotators

A

medial and lateral
function-provides stability of shoulder joint and rotation of the humerus
location- shoulder joint
origin-scapular
insertion-humerus
exercise- forward, lateral and back-arm raises, overhead lifting

22
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the pectoralis major

A

function- flexes and adducts upper arm
location- large chest muscle
origin- sternum, clavicle and rib cartilage
insertion- humerus
activity- all pressing movements

23
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the sternocleidomastoid

A

function- rotation of the head
location- on both sides of neck (cervical vertebrae
origin-clavicle
insertion-temporal bone (side of skull)
exercise- rotation of head such as looking in different directions

24
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the biceps branchii

A

function- flexion of the lower arm at the elbow
location- front of upper arm
origin-scapular
insertion- radius
exercise- bicep curl, pull-ups

25
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the wrist flexors

A

function-flexion of the hand at the wrist
location- front of forearm
origin- humerus
insertion-metacarpal
exercise- bouncing a basketball when dribbling

26
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the wrist extensors

A

function- extension or straightening of hand at the wrist
location-back of forearm
origin-humerus
insertion- metacarpal
exercise-straightening of wrist

27
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the forearm supinators

A

function- supinate the forearm
location-top and rear of forearm
origin- humerus
insertion- ulna
exercise- back spin in racquet sports

28
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the forearm pronator

A

function- pronate the forearm
location- top and front of forearm
origin- humerus
insertion- ulna
exercise- top spin in racquet sports

29
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the rhomboids

A

function- retraction of the scapula toward the vertebral column; hold the scapula against thoracic cage
location- upper back between the scapula and the vertebral column
origin- thoracic vertebrae
insertion- scapula
exercise- shoulder raise

30
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the trapezius

A

function- elevates and depresses scapula
location- large triangular muscle at top of back
origin- continuous insertion along acromion
insertion- occipital bone and all thoracic vertebrae
exercise- shrugging and overhead lifting

31
Q

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and activity of the latissimus dorsi

A

function- extends and adducts lower arm
location-large muscle covering back of lower ribs
origin- vertebrae and iliac crest
insertion- humerus
exercise- pull-ups and rowing movements

Functional Anatomy - Alevel (8 decks)

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