muscular

Question 1

What are the 3 muscle types?

Answer 1

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Question 2

state the characteristics of the cardiac muscle (Heart)

Answer 2

-Striped tissue,
-involuntary reaction,
-has its own nerve and blood supply ( coronary artery),
-also called myocardium,
- all or nothing theory( all contract together or they don’t)
-contracts around a 60-80 times per minute
FUNCTION- pump blood around body

Question 3

state the characteristics of the skeletal muscle

Answer 3

-A voluntary action
- Fibres contain sarcomere that contract to produce strong rapids contractions
- can get easily fatigued during exercise if used repeatedly
- make up approx. 40% of body weight
- attaches to bones across a joint to produce movement and maintain posture

Question 4

state the characteristics of the smooth muscle:

Answer 4

-Smooth ( no stripes or sarcomeres
-involuntary reaction
- controls movement of internal organs unconsciously
- found in circulatory, digestive and urinary systems
- produces slow and sustained contractions
- peristaltic action= contacts consecutively which produces a wave effect

Question 5

state the types of skeletal muscle fibres

Answer 5

slow and fast twitch fibres

Question 6

characterises of slow twitch muscle fibres

Answer 6

-Rich capillary supply,
-numerous mitochondria and aerobic respiratory enzymes
- hight concentration of myoglobin

Question 7

what is myoglobin?

Answer 7

a red pigmented protein similar to heomoglobin

Question 8

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the rectus abdominis

Answer 8

function= flex ion and rotation of the lumbar region
Location= muscles running down abdomen (6pack)
Origin= pubic crest and symphysis
Insertion= Xiphoid process
Exercise=situps

Question 9

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the transverse abdominis

Answer 9

function= provides stability of the spine and pelvis: posture
location= front and sides of abdomen
origin= anterior iliac crest
insertion= pubic crest and symphysis
activity= contracts during weight lifting and provides stability for back

Question 10

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the illopsoas

Answer 10

function= flexion of the hip joint
location= lumbar region of spine to sop of thigh(femur)
origin=lumbar vertebrae
insertion= femur
activity= knee raises, lunges and squat activation

Question 11

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the Quadriceps

Answer 11

rectus femoris, vastus literalis/medialis/intermedius
function=extends lower leg and flexes thigh
location= front of thigh
origin= illium and femur
insertion= tibia and fibular
exercise= squats, knee bends

Question 12

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the hamstrings

Answer 12

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, bicep femoris
function= flexes lower leg and extends thigh
location= back of thigh
origin= ischium and femur
insertion=tibia and fibula
exercise= leg curls, straight leg deadlifts

Question 13

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the gastrocnemius

Answer 13

function= plantar flexion, flexes knee
location= large calve muscle
origin=femur
insertion=calcaneus
exercise= running, jumping, standing on toes

Question 14

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the soleus

Answer 14

function= plantar flexion
location= deep to gastrocnemius
origin= fibula and tibia
exercise= running and jumping

Question 15

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the tibalis anterior

Answer 15

function= dorsiflexion of foot
location= front of tibia on lower leg
origin= lateral condyle
insertion= medial cuneiform
exercise= all running and jumping exercises

Question 16

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the erector spinae

Answer 16

function= extension of spine
location= long muscles running either side of spine
origin= cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae
insertion= cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae
exercise= prime mover of back extension

Question 17

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the obliques

Answer 17

function= lateral flexion of trunk
location=waist
origin= pubic vest and iliac crest
insertion= fleshy strips to lower right ribs
exercise= oblique curls

Question 18

what is the function, location, origin, insertion and exercise/activity of the gluteals

Answer 18

gluteus maximus/meduis / minimus
function= extends thigh
location= large muscle on buttocks
origin= ilium, sacrum and coccyx
insertion=femur
exercise= knee bending movements, cycling and squatting