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Functional Anatomy - Alevel > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart , Blood Vessels, Blood

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2
Q

what are 3 functions of the CV system?

A
  • to supply oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.
  • carrying waste products from and away from the tissues = kidney or liver into urine
  • distribution and redistribution of heat
  • fighting infection
    -blood clotting
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3
Q

what makes up red blood cells?

A

oxygen + haemoglobin = oxyhemoglobin
O2 + Hb

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4
Q

what is the Bohr affect?

A

suggests when CO2 is present in the muscles the effectiveness of oxyhemoglobin decreases

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5
Q

what is Haemoglobin? and what does it contain?

A

it is a protein found in red blood cells that attaches and carries oxygen around ur body.
it contains iron which gives the blood cells their Red colour

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6
Q

what is a feature of red blood cells?

A

it has a Bioconvave shape

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7
Q

give the measurements of the heart? and where it’s located?

A

12cm long, 9cm wide, 6cm thick
situated behind the sternum and lightly to the left

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8
Q

what is the function of the heart?

A

it drives blood into and through the arteries to the tissues and working muscles in the body

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9
Q

what happens when the body’s temperature falls

A
  • Shiver (respiration causes the heat to be produced)
    -hairs stand up (erector muscles)
    -layer of heat above skin
  • blood vessels vasoconstrict ( they go/sink towards the core)
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10
Q

what happens when the body temperature risers?

A

-sweat
- hairs relax (erector muscles relax)
- blood vessels vasodilate (go towards the surface

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11
Q

what is the temperature of the body

A

37 degrees

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12
Q

after your body temperature regulates( homeostasis) after it falls, what happens to the heat?

A

the heat is obtained by the environment

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13
Q

after your body temperature regulates( homeostasis) after it rises, what happens to the heat?

A

heat is lost to the environment

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14
Q

during exercise what does the body demand and what’s it’s response?

A

the body demands more oxygen so the cv system responds to meet those demands eg, increased breathing/ heart rate

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15
Q

what happens when the cv system can no longer meet the body’s demands during exercise!

A

muscle fatigue occurs and performance deteriorates

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16
Q

what is the cardiac muscle responsible for?

A

contracting the heart and the pumping action. it must contact with enough force to supply the metabolic demands of the body

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17
Q

where does the heart pump blood too?

A

arteries, tissues, working muscles,

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18
Q

What is Vasoconstriction?

A

the direction of blood, lumin gets smaller, involuntary muscle contraction (survival tactics)

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19
Q

what is vasodilation?

A

additional blood flow= blood can now be redirected, blood vessels in active muscles dilate, blood flow increases and increases energy to working muscles

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20
Q

what is the innermost layer of the heart? and its characteristics?

A

Endocardium- thinnest later, keeps blood inside the heart

21
Q

what is the second layer of the heart and its characteristics

A

Myocardium- thickest layer, responsible for the hearts contractions, hearts muscle

22
Q

what is the outer layer of the heart and its characteristics

A

Pericardium- fluid filled sack that protects the heart from friction and the sternum

23
Q

what are valves?

A

fine cords which stop the blood from flowing back (back-flow). involuntary action.

24
Q

what are blood vessels?

A

channels that carry the blood throughout your body. they form a closed loop like a circuit, that begins and ends at your heart

25
Q

state the 5 different blood vessels. In Order (A,A,C,V,V)

A

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, veins

26
Q

what are venules

A

venules are tiny veins that don’t carry high pressurised blood

27
Q

what are capillaries

A

tiny books vessels that have thin walls, which oxygen and nutrients from the blood can move through

28
Q

what is the baseline membrane

A

provides scaffolding for the migration of cells- think pliable sheet like walls

29
Q

what is the Tunica intima

A

the inner layer surrounds the blood as it flows through your body, regulates blood pressure and prevents blood clots

30
Q

what is the tunica media

A

thickest layer and helps vessels vasodilator and vasoconstrict

31
Q

what is the tunica externa

A

the outer layer which is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients, removing waste and give the vessel structure + support

32
Q

What is the conorary Artery’s function

A

Supplies blood to the heart muscle. As the heart needs its own supply of oxygen

33
Q

What is the chordate tendineae

A

A fibrous connective tissue that holds valves in place while the heart is pumping blood and stops valves from collapsing in on themselves

34
Q

What is Thermogreulation

A

Maintains the bodies internal temperature of the body becomes too hot or too cold. It helps your body return to homeostasis which is a state of equilibrium.

35
Q

What does our blood contain

A

Plasma, buggy coat(leukocytes and plasma), erythrocytes

36
Q

What is the function of the bicuspid valve

A

Controls the flow of blood from, the left ventricle to the aorta

37
Q

What is the coronary artery function

A

To supply blood to the heart muscle

38
Q

what is the outermost layer of a blood vessel?

A

Baseline Membrane = provides scaffolding for migration of cells, a thin pliable sheet like cell and tissue, supports and acts as a platform for signalling

39
Q

what is the second layer of the blood vessel ?

A

Tunica Intima, it surrounds the blood as it flows through the vessel, Regulates the blood pressure, and prevents blood clots

40
Q

what is the third layer of the blood vessel

A

Tunica Media, Thickest layer, helps with vasodilation and vasoconstriction

41
Q

what is the outermost layer of the blood vessel?

A

Tunica Externa, responsible of delivering oxygen and nutrients, helps to remove waste, give the blood vessel structure and support

42
Q

what is the innermost layer of the heart called?

A

Endocardium, thinnest layer, keeps blood inside the heart

43
Q

what is the middle layer of the heart?

A

Myocardium, thickest layer, responsible for the hearts contractions (heart muscle)

44
Q

what is the outermost layer of the heart called?

A

Pericardium, fluid filled sack that protects the heart, protects it from frictions and the sturnum.

45
Q

Name the valves in order. (TMPA)

A

Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary valve, Mitral valve, Aortic valve

46
Q

where does the artery carry blood

A

Away from your heart

47
Q

Where do veins carry blood

A

Towards your heart

48
Q

where do capillaries carry blood

A

smallest vessel, connect arteries to veins

Functional Anatomy - Alevel (8 decks)

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