cardiovascular system Flashcards
what makes up the cardiovascular system?
Heart , Blood Vessels, Blood
what are 3 functions of the CV system?
- to supply oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.
- carrying waste products from and away from the tissues = kidney or liver into urine
- distribution and redistribution of heat
- fighting infection
-blood clotting
what makes up red blood cells?
oxygen + haemoglobin = oxyhemoglobin
O2 + Hb
what is the Bohr affect?
suggests when CO2 is present in the muscles the effectiveness of oxyhemoglobin decreases
what is Haemoglobin? and what does it contain?
it is a protein found in red blood cells that attaches and carries oxygen around ur body.
it contains iron which gives the blood cells their Red colour
what is a feature of red blood cells?
it has a Bioconvave shape
give the measurements of the heart? and where it’s located?
12cm long, 9cm wide, 6cm thick
situated behind the sternum and lightly to the left
what is the function of the heart?
it drives blood into and through the arteries to the tissues and working muscles in the body
what happens when the body’s temperature falls
- Shiver (respiration causes the heat to be produced)
-hairs stand up (erector muscles)
-layer of heat above skin - blood vessels vasoconstrict ( they go/sink towards the core)
what happens when the body temperature risers?
-sweat
- hairs relax (erector muscles relax)
- blood vessels vasodilate (go towards the surface
what is the temperature of the body
37 degrees
after your body temperature regulates( homeostasis) after it falls, what happens to the heat?
the heat is obtained by the environment
after your body temperature regulates( homeostasis) after it rises, what happens to the heat?
heat is lost to the environment
during exercise what does the body demand and what’s it’s response?
the body demands more oxygen so the cv system responds to meet those demands eg, increased breathing/ heart rate
what happens when the cv system can no longer meet the body’s demands during exercise!
muscle fatigue occurs and performance deteriorates
what is the cardiac muscle responsible for?
contracting the heart and the pumping action. it must contact with enough force to supply the metabolic demands of the body
where does the heart pump blood too?
arteries, tissues, working muscles,
What is Vasoconstriction?
the direction of blood, lumin gets smaller, involuntary muscle contraction (survival tactics)
what is vasodilation?
additional blood flow= blood can now be redirected, blood vessels in active muscles dilate, blood flow increases and increases energy to working muscles
what is the innermost layer of the heart? and its characteristics?
Endocardium- thinnest later, keeps blood inside the heart
what is the second layer of the heart and its characteristics
Myocardium- thickest layer, responsible for the hearts contractions, hearts muscle
what is the outer layer of the heart and its characteristics
Pericardium- fluid filled sack that protects the heart from friction and the sternum
what are valves?
fine cords which stop the blood from flowing back (back-flow). involuntary action.
what are blood vessels?
channels that carry the blood throughout your body. they form a closed loop like a circuit, that begins and ends at your heart
state the 5 different blood vessels. In Order (A,A,C,V,V)
Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, veins
what are venules
venules are tiny veins that don’t carry high pressurised blood
what are capillaries
tiny books vessels that have thin walls, which oxygen and nutrients from the blood can move through
what is the baseline membrane
provides scaffolding for the migration of cells- think pliable sheet like walls
what is the Tunica intima
the inner layer surrounds the blood as it flows through your body, regulates blood pressure and prevents blood clots
what is the tunica media
thickest layer and helps vessels vasodilator and vasoconstrict
what is the tunica externa
the outer layer which is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients, removing waste and give the vessel structure + support
What is the conorary Artery’s function
Supplies blood to the heart muscle. As the heart needs its own supply of oxygen
What is the chordate tendineae
A fibrous connective tissue that holds valves in place while the heart is pumping blood and stops valves from collapsing in on themselves
What is Thermogreulation
Maintains the bodies internal temperature of the body becomes too hot or too cold. It helps your body return to homeostasis which is a state of equilibrium.
What does our blood contain
Plasma, buggy coat(leukocytes and plasma), erythrocytes
What is the function of the bicuspid valve
Controls the flow of blood from, the left ventricle to the aorta
What is the coronary artery function
To supply blood to the heart muscle
what is the outermost layer of a blood vessel?
Baseline Membrane = provides scaffolding for migration of cells, a thin pliable sheet like cell and tissue, supports and acts as a platform for signalling
what is the second layer of the blood vessel ?
Tunica Intima, it surrounds the blood as it flows through the vessel, Regulates the blood pressure, and prevents blood clots
what is the third layer of the blood vessel
Tunica Media, Thickest layer, helps with vasodilation and vasoconstriction
what is the outermost layer of the blood vessel?
Tunica Externa, responsible of delivering oxygen and nutrients, helps to remove waste, give the blood vessel structure and support
what is the innermost layer of the heart called?
Endocardium, thinnest layer, keeps blood inside the heart
what is the middle layer of the heart?
Myocardium, thickest layer, responsible for the hearts contractions (heart muscle)
what is the outermost layer of the heart called?
Pericardium, fluid filled sack that protects the heart, protects it from frictions and the sturnum.
Name the valves in order. (TMPA)
Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary valve, Mitral valve, Aortic valve
where does the artery carry blood
Away from your heart
Where do veins carry blood
Towards your heart
where do capillaries carry blood
smallest vessel, connect arteries to veins
