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principles > Muscoskeletal System > Flashcards

Muscoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones on the midline called?

A

The axial skeleton

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2
Q

What is a foramen?

A

A hole

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3
Q

What are some functions of bone?

A

Support and protection of body organs, calcium metabolism, red blood cell formation and attachment for skeletal muscles

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4
Q

What are some functions of cartlidge?

A

Located at articulations where mobility is required

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5
Q

What are the different types of joints?

A

Synovial, cartlinaginous and fibrous

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6
Q

What is the most moveable of the joints?

A

Synovial

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7
Q

What is the least moveable of the joints

A

Fibrous

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8
Q

What are the joints a compromise between?

A

Mobility and stability

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9
Q

What does periarticular mean?

A

Around the joint

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10
Q

Where are the skeletal muscles usually found?

A

Deep fascia to deep

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11
Q

What covers the skeletal muscles?

A

A tough fibrous connective tissue

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12
Q

What does fusiform mean?

A

Spindle shaped

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13
Q

What does pennate mean?

A

Feather like

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14
Q

What is an example of a pennate muscle?

A

Deltoid

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15
Q

What is an example of a quadrate muscle?

A

Rectus abdominous

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16
Q

In general what is the origin of the muscle?

A

The most proximial part of the muscle.

17
Q

What is the insertion of the muscle in general?

A

The most distal part of the muscle attachment

18
Q

What does a skeletal muscle do when it contracts?

A

Move the origin and insertion closer together.

19
Q

What do tendons usually do?

A

Attach the muscle to the bone

20
Q

What is special about a tendon

A

It is non contractile

21
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

A flattened tendon

22
Q

What does an aponeurosis do unlike a tendon?

A

Attach the muscle to soft tissue instead of bone

23
Q

What are the two types of reflexes?

A

Automatic and Protective

24
Q

What are the 2 main reflexes involving skeletal muscles?

A

Stretch and flexion withdrawal

25
Q

What happens to a muscle if it is paralysed?

A

Does not have a functioning motor nerve supply

26
Q

What happens to a muscle if it has spasticity?

A

Has an intact and functioning motor nerve supply

27
Q

What can a paralysed muscle not do?

A

Contract

28
Q

What makes a muscle have spasticity?

A

The descending controls to the brain are not working

29
Q

On examination what would a paralysed muscle have?

A

Decreased tone

30
Q

On examination what would a spasmed muscle have?

A

Increased tone

31
Q

What is atrophy?

A

The wasting away of muscles

32
Q

What happens to the myocytes in atrophy?

A

They become smaller, reducing the muscle’s bulk

33
Q

What causes atrophy?

A

Inactivity

34
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Skeletal muscles enlarge

35
Q

What happens to the myocytes in hypertrophy?

A

They enlarge

principles (12 decks)

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