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principles > Blood Pressure Feedback Mechanisms > Flashcards

Blood Pressure Feedback Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The hydrostatic pressure exerted by the blood on blood vessel walls.

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2
Q

What is systolic arterial blood pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the aorta and systemic arteries when the heart contracts

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3
Q

What is systolic arterial blood pressure usually?

A

<140 mm/Hg

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4
Q

What is diastolic arterial blood pressure?

A

Is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the aorta and systemic arteries when the heart relaxes

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5
Q

What is the diastolic pressure normally?

A

<90 mm/Hg

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6
Q

What is hypertension defined as?

A

Clinic blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher and day time average of 135/85 mmHg or higher

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7
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures

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8
Q

What is MAP?

A

The average arterial blood pressure during a single cardiac cycle, which involves contraction and relaxation of the heart

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9
Q

What is twice as long as what?

A

Diastolic portion is to systolic.

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10
Q

How do you calculate MAP?

A

MAP = [(2x Diastolic) + Systolic] divided by 3

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11
Q

How do you calculate MAP?

A

MAP = DBP + 1/3 difference between SBP and DBP

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12
Q

What is the normal range for MAP?

A

70 - 105

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13
Q

What is the lowest value of MAP needed to perfuse the brain, heart and kidneys?

A

60

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14
Q

Why is a very high pressure not wanted?

A

It damages blood vessels and puts extra strain on the heart.

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15
Q

Why is a very low pressure not wanted?

A

Not enough perfusion of internal organs.

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16
Q

Where are the baroreceptors?

A

In the aortic arch and carotid sinus.

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17
Q

What nerve links the aortic baroreceptors to the brain?

A

Herings nerve.

18
Q

What nerve links the carotid baroreceptors to the brain?

A

Vagus.

19
Q

What is the control centre for blood pressure regulation?

A

Medulla (brain stem).

20
Q

What kind of receptors are baroreceptors?

A

Mechanoreceptors.

21
Q

What are mechanoreceptors sensitive to?

A

Stretch.

22
Q

What happens to the firing rate of the baroreceptors when the MAP increases?

A

Increases

23
Q

What happens to the firing rate of the baroreceptors when the MAP decreases?

A

Decreases

24
Q

MAP=?

A

CO x SVR

25
Q

What is CO?

A

the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle of the heart per minute

26
Q

CO=?

A

SV x HR

27
Q

What is the Stroke Volume (SV) ?

A

the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle of the heart per heart beat

28
Q

What is SVR?

A

the sum of resistance of all vasculature in the systemic circulation

29
Q

What is the heart rate regulated by?

A

ANS

30
Q

What does the sympathetic division of the ANS do?

A

Accelerates the heart rate.

31
Q

What does the parasympathetic division of the ANS do?

A

Stimulates the vagus nerve which slows down the heart rate.

32
Q

What are the main resistance vessels?

A

Arterioles.

33
Q

What is the SVR regulated by?

A

Vascular smooth muscles.

34
Q

What is the main site of SVR?

A

Arterioles.

35
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

The contraction of smooth muscles

36
Q

What does vasoconstriction increase?

A

MAP and SVR

37
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The relaxation of smooth muscles

38
Q

What nerves are the smooth muscles supplied with?

A

sympathetic nerves.

39
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for sympathetic nerves?

A

Noradrenaline acting on alpha receptors.

40
Q

What is the vasomotor tone?

A

The vascular smooth muscles being partially constricted at rest.

41
Q

What causes the vasomotor tone?

A

By tonic discharge of sympathetic nerves resulting in continuous release of noradrenaline

principles (12 decks)

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