MUSCLES: Physiology, Movement, and Pathology

Question 1

striated muscle

Answer 1

Voluntary, or skeletal muscle : other names for striated muscle.
Move all bones, control facial expression and eye movements.
When a muscles contracts, one of the bones to which it is attached remains stationary; held in place by other muscles.
Striated muscle cells have light and dark bands in their cytoplasm.
Fibres are arranged in bundles.

Question 2

fascia

Answer 2

Fibrous tissue that envelops and separates muscles.

Contains the muscle’s blood, lymph, and nerve supply.

Question 3

smooth muscle

Answer 3

Involuntary, or visceral muscles that move the internal organs.
Digestive tract, secretory ducts leading from glands, and blood vessels.
Forms sheets of fibres to wrap around tubes and vessels.

Question 4

cardiac muscle

Answer 4

Appears striated but acts like smooth muscle because its movement cannot be consciously controlled.
Found only in the heart.
Cardiac muscle fibres have many nuclei.

Question 5

origin (beginning of a muscle)

Answer 5

Point of attachment of a muscle to the stationary bone.

Usually the origin is proximal to the skeleton.

Question 6

insertion of a muscle

Answer 6

Junction of muscle to bone that moves.

Usually the insertion is distal to the skeleton.

Question 7

flexion

Answer 7

decrease the angle between two bones (bend the limb)

Question 8

extension

Answer 8

increase the angle between two bones (straighten the limb)

Question 9

abduction

Answer 9

movement away from the midline of the body

Question 10

adduction

Answer 10

movement toward the midline of the body

Question 11

rotation

Answer 11

circular rotation around an axis (central point)