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Musculoskeletal System > Muscles of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Muscles of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

where does the pectoralis major originate

A

anterior surface of medial clavicle, anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages

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2
Q

where does the pectoralis major insert

A

intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

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3
Q

what is the function of the pectoralis major

A

adduct and medially rotate upper limb

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4
Q

what innervates the pectoralis major

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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5
Q

where does the pectoralis minor originate

A

3rd-5th ribs

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6
Q

where does the pectoralis minor insert

A

coracoid process of the scapula

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7
Q

what is the function of the pectoralis minor

A

stabilises the scapula

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8
Q

what innervates the pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral nerve

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9
Q

where does the serratus anterior originate

A

lateral aspect of ribs 1-8

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10
Q

where does the serratus anterior attach

A

costal surface of the medial border of the scapula

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11
Q

what is the function of the serratus anterior

A

rotate scapula, allowing arm to be raised 90 degrees. holds scapula against rib cage

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12
Q

what innervates the serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve

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13
Q

where does the deltoid originate

A

scapula and clavicle

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14
Q

where does the deltoid attach

A

deltoid tuberosity on the lateral surface of the humerus

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15
Q

what is the function of the deltoid

A

extend the arm at the shoulder. abduct the arm

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16
Q

what innervates the deltoid

A

axial nerve

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17
Q

where does the coracobrachialis originate

A

coracoid process of the scapula

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18
Q

where does the coracobrachialis attach

A

medial side of the humerus

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19
Q

what is the function of the coracobrachialis

A

flexion of the arm at the shoulder. adduction

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20
Q

what innervates the coracobrachialis

A

muscuolcutaneous nerve

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21
Q

what are extrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

ones that originate from the thorax and attach to bones of the shoulder

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22
Q

what are intrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

muscles which originate from the scapular or clavicle and attach to the humerus

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23
Q

where does the tere major originate from

A

posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula

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24
Q

where does the teres major attach

A

intertubercular groove of the humerus

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25
Q

what innervates the teres major

A

lower subscapular nerve

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26
Q

what is the action of the teres major

A

adducts the shoulder and medially rotates the arm

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27
Q

what is the collective function of the rotator cuff muscles

A

they pull the humerus head into the glenoid fossa and stabilise the glenohumeral joint

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28
Q

what 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and the teres minor

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29
Q

where does the supraspinatus orginate from

A

supraspinatus fossa of the scapula

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30
Q

where does the supraspinatus attach

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

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31
Q

what is the function of the supraspinatus

A

abducts arm 15 degrees

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32
Q

what innervates the supraspinatus

A

suprascapula nerve

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33
Q

where does the infraspinatus originate

A

infraspinatus fossa of the scapula

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34
Q

where does the infraspinatus attach

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

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35
Q

what is the function of the infraspinatus

A

laterally rotates the arm

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36
Q

what innervates the infraspinatus

A

suprascapula nerve

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37
Q

where does the subscapularis originate

A

subscapula fossa of the costal side of the scapula

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38
Q

where does the subscapularis attach

A

lesser tubercle of the humerus

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39
Q

what is the function of the subscapularis

A

medially rotates the arm

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40
Q

what innervates the subscapularis

A

upper and lower subscapula nerves

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41
Q

where does the teres minor originate

A

posterior surface of the scapula

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42
Q

where does the teres minor attach

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

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43
Q

what is the function of the teres minor

A

laterally rotate the arm

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44
Q

what innervated the teres minor

A

axillary nerve

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45
Q

What muscles causes the first 15 degrees in abduction

A

Supraspinatus

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46
Q

What muscle causes abduction of the arm 15-90 degrees

A

Deltoid

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47
Q

What muscle causes abduction over 90 degrees

A

Upper trapezius and serratus anterior

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48
Q

What 3 muscles causes adduction

A

Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major

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49
Q

What muscles causes flexion (4)

A

Anterior fibres of the deltoid, pectoralis major, caracobrachialis, biceps brachii

50
Q

What muscles causes extension (3)

A

Posterior deltoid fibres, latissimus dorsi and teres major

51
Q

What 4 muscles causes internal rotation

A

Subscapularis, teres major, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi

52
Q

What 2 muscles causes external rotation

A

Infraspinatus and teres minor

53
Q

What 2 branches come off the axillary artery and wraps around the humerus

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artery

54
Q

What does the shoulder girdle consist of

A

Clavicle and scapula

55
Q

What does the sternoclavicular joint connect

A

Clavicle and sternum

56
Q

What does the acromioclavicular connect

A

Clavicle and acromion of the scapula

57
Q

What is the joint connecting the scapula to the ribs

A

Scapulothoracic joint

58
Q

What does the glenohumeral joint consist of

A

The humerus head in the glenoid cavity

59
Q

What are the 2 ends of the clavicle called

A

Acromial and sternal end

60
Q

Which end of the clavicle is flattest

A

Sternal end

61
Q

Which joint is the most common dislocated joint

A

Glenohumeral

62
Q

What mnemonic is used for the rotator cuff

A

S -supraspinatus
I - infraspinatus
T - teres minor
S - subscapularis

63
Q

What is the glenoid labrum

A

Fibrocartilaginous rim attached to the rim of the glenoid cavity

64
Q

What is the function of the glenoid labrum

A

Deepens the glenoid cavity giving static stability to the joint

65
Q

What are the 3 glenohumeral ligaments

A

Superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments

66
Q

What do the glenohumeral ligaments connect

A

Humerus and the glenoid cavity

67
Q

What are the 3 extra-capsular ligaments of the shoulder

A

Coracohumeral ligaments, coracoacromial ligament and coracoclavicular

68
Q

What is the subacromial bursa

A

The fluid filled spaces space between the acromion and head of the humerus for reduced friction

69
Q

What is found in the space between the humerus and the acromion

A

Subacromial bursa, rotator cuff tendons, capsule and long head of the biceps

70
Q

What causes a posterior dislocation

A

Electric shock or seizure which causes the muscles in the rotator cuff to contract too hard pulling the humerus out of the joint

71
Q

What happens in a posterior shoulder dislocation

A

The humerus comes out of the socket at the back

72
Q

What ligaments are broken in a dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

A

Coracoclavicular ligaments

73
Q

What proportion of fractures are displaced

A

20%

74
Q

What is calcific tendinitis

A

Where there are calcium hydroxyapatite deposits causing the collagen tendon to ossify

75
Q

What can occur if the space between the humerus and the acromion decreases

A

Impingement can occur

76
Q

What can cause the reduction in the space between the humerus and acromion

A

Inflammation of the bursa and tendons

77
Q

where does the biceps brachii originate

A

supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head) and the coracoid process (short head)

78
Q

where does the biceps brachii attach

A

radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm

79
Q

what is the function of the biceps brachii

A

supination of the forearm

80
Q

what innervates the biceps brachii

A

musculocutaeneous nerve

81
Q

where does the brachialis originate

A

medial and lateral shaft of the humerus

82
Q

where does the brachialis attach

A

ulna tuberosity

83
Q

what iis the function of the brachialis

A

flexion at the elbow

84
Q

what innervates the brachialis

A

musculocutaeneous nerve

85
Q

where does the triceps brachii originate

A

long head from the infraglenoid tubercle and the lateral head from the humerus

86
Q

where does the tricep brachii attach

A

olecranon of the ulna

87
Q

what is the function of the triceps brachii

A

extension at the elbow

88
Q

what innervates the triceps brachii

A

radial nerve

89
Q

where does the Trapezius originate

A

skull, spinal processes C7-T12

90
Q

where does the Trapezius attach

A

clavicle, acromion, scapula spine

91
Q

what is the function of the Trapezius

A

elevate scapula and rotate it during abduction

92
Q

what innervates the Trapezius

A

accessory nerve

93
Q

where does the Latissimus Dorsi originate

A

spinal processes T6-T12, iliac crest, inferior 3 ribs and thoracolumbar fascia

94
Q

where does the Latissimus Dorsi attach

A

intertubercle sulcus of the humerus

95
Q

what is the function of the Latissimus Dorsi

A

extends, adducts and medially rotates

96
Q

what innervates the Latissimus Dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve

97
Q

where does the rhomboid major originte

A

spinal processes T2-T5

98
Q

where does the rhomboid major attach

A

medial border of the scapula

99
Q

what is the function of the rhomboid major

A

retract and rotate scapula

100
Q

what innervates the rhomboid major

A

dorsal scapula nerve

101
Q

where does the rhomboid minor originate

A

spinal processes C7-T1

102
Q

where does the rhomboid minor attach

A

medial border of the scapula

103
Q

what is the function of the rhomboid minor

A

retracts and rotate scapula

104
Q

what innervates the rhomboid minor

A

dorsal scapula nerve

105
Q

where does the Levator Scapulae originate

A

processes C1-C4

106
Q

where does the Levator Scapulae attach

A

medial border to the scapula

107
Q

what is the function of the Levator Scapulae

A

elevate the scapula

108
Q

what innervates the levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapula nerve

109
Q

What vein lies posterior to the sternoclavicular join

A

Braciocephalic Vein

110
Q

What are the functions of the clavicle

A

Protect posterior nerves and blood vessels
Keep scapula in place
Attach limb to upper trunk
Provide support and free movement of the arm

111
Q

Give 4 static stabiliser of the shoulder joint

A
  1. Glenoid labrum
  2. Glenohumeral ligament
  3. Extra capsular ligaments
  4. Negative intra-articles pressure
112
Q

Give 3 dynamic stabilisers of the shoulder joint

A

Rotator cuff muscles
Biceps Brachii
Muscles crossing the shoulder

113
Q

What is the coracocacromial arch

A

Formed by the coracocacrmial ligament connecting the coracoid process and the acromion

114
Q

Where is the surgical neck on the humerus

A

The beginning of the shaft below the great and lesser tubercles

115
Q

What is the significance of the anatomical neck of the humerus

A

Fused epiphyseal growth plates

116
Q

Which nerve is mostl likely to be injured in a mid shaft break

A

Radial nerve as it tightly spirals around the humerus

117
Q

What are the most common types of shoulder dislocation

A

Anterior

118
Q

What nerve may be damaged in an anterior dislocation

A

Axillary nerve

119
Q

What are the 2 causes of a posterior dislocation

A

Epileptic fit or electric shock

120
Q

What are the six movements so fthe scapula

A

elevation: upper trapezius and levator scapula - moves up
Depression: lower trapezius - moves down
Upward rotation : upper and middle trapezius - up and out
Downward rotation : rhomboids - down and in
Protraction : serratus anterior (like abduction- pulls apart)
Retraction: rhomboid and middle trapezius (like adduction- brings them together)

121
Q

What is painful arc

A

Where the tendon of the rotator cuff muscles become irritated and inflamed as thy pass through the subacromial space resulting in pain, weakness and less of movement

122
Q

What is the contents of the cubita fossa

A

Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve

Musculoskeletal System (11 decks)

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