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Musculoskeletal System > arm clinical conditions > Flashcards

arm clinical conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what actions are caused by the myotome C5

A

elbow flexion, shoulder abduction

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2
Q

what actions are caused by the myotome C6

A

wrist extension, supination

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3
Q

what actions are caused by the myotome C7

A

elbow extension, pronation

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4
Q

what actions are caused by the myotome C8

A

finger grip

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5
Q

what actions are caused by the myotome T1

A

finger abduction

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6
Q

what vein is usually used for venepuncture

A

median cubital vein

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7
Q

where can the brachial pulse be palpated

A

in the cubital fossa

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8
Q

what is Volkmann’s ischaemic fracture

A

where a supracondyle fracture damages the cubital fossa and the brachial artery so the muscles in the forearm are no longer supplied so become fibrotic and short giving flexion

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9
Q

what is a supracondyle fracture

A

fracture of the distal humerus above the epicondyles

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10
Q

what nerve is most likely to be damaged in a supracondyle fracture

A

medial nerve

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11
Q

what nerves may be damaged in axially node clearance

A

long thoracic nerve

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12
Q

what does damage to the long thoracic nerve result in

A

winged scapula

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13
Q

how do you test for winged scapula

A

push arms against the wall and the scapula should protrude

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14
Q

what muscle is damaged with winged scapula

A

serratus anterior

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15
Q

what does the flexor retinaculum attach to

A

schaphoid, trapezium, hamate and pisiform

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16
Q

what nerve is damaged in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

median nerve

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17
Q

what is Tinel’s sign

A

tapping the carpal tunnel to see where the pain distributes

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18
Q

what is Phalens test

A

holding wrist flexion for 60seconds to show pain distribution

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19
Q

how does axially nerve damage occur

A

shoulder dislocation and proximal humeral damage

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20
Q

how does median nerve damage occur

A

carpal tunnel syndrome supracondyle fracture

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21
Q

how does radial nerve damage occur

A

mid-humeral fractures

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22
Q

how does ulnar nerve damage occur

A

cubital tunnel syndrome, medial epicondyle fracture

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23
Q

what is damaged in lacerations of the wrist

A

median and ulnar nerve

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24
Q

what is Erb’s palsy

A

damage to C5 root due to trauma or during birth giving a waiter tip position

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25
Q

what does Erb’s palsy look like

A

shoulder abduction, external rotation, elbow flexion

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26
Q

what is hand of benediction

A

median nerve damage to the elbow making you unable to flex lateral 3 1/2 fingers due to loss of flexors in forearm

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27
Q

what is Klummpke’s palsy

A

damage to lower brachial plexus giving intrinsic hand deformities

28
Q

what is a possible consequence of a scaphoid fracture

A

AVN due to the retrograde blood flow

29
Q

what is a Boxers fracture

A

breaking the metacarpals, particularly in the little finger due to punching

30
Q

what is ulnar claw

A

damage to the ulnar nerve at the wrist causing hyperextension of MCP and flexion of IP joint of medial 2 fingers due to loss of lumbricals

31
Q

what is tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of fluid filled sheath surrounding tendons

32
Q

what is seen in osteoarthritis

A

osteophytes, narrowing joint space, pain, sclerosis, cysts

33
Q

when is rheumatoid arthritis worse

A

in the mornings

34
Q

what muscles are affected in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

L - lateral 2 lumbricals
O - opponens pollicis
A - abductor pollicis
F - flexor pollicis

35
Q

what is Dupuytrens disease

A

where the palm tissue becomes fibrotic

36
Q

what is tennis elbow

A

overuse of tendons attaching to the lateral epicondyle giving pain and inflammation

37
Q

what is golfers elbow

A

over of tendons attaching to medial epicondyle

38
Q

what is cubital tunnel syndrome

A

compression of ulnar nerve as it passes through the epicondyles of the humerus giving ulnar paradox

39
Q

what is ulnar paradox

A

compression of ulnar nerve at the elbow meaning that the ulnar claw doesn’t look as bad as FDP I now also damaged so theres less flexion

40
Q

what is pulled elbow

A

sublaxation/ partial dislocation - where theres a tear in the annular ligament so the radial hea dislocated. mainly seen in children as the ligament strengthens with age

41
Q

what is a colles fracture

A

distal radius fracture from a FOOSH giving a dorsal displacement of the hand

42
Q

what is a smiths fracture

A

distal radius fracture from falling on a flexed wrist giving ventral displacement

43
Q

what is a moneteggia fracture

A

ulna fracture with radius head dislocation

44
Q

what is a galeazzi fracture

A

radius fracture with distal radioulnar dislocation

45
Q

what causes posterior shoulder dislocation

A

shock or epileptic fit

46
Q

how is the arm seen in an anterior shoulder dislocation

A

externally rotated and abducted

47
Q

what artery is damaged in an anterior shoulder dislocation

A

anterior circumflex artery

48
Q

what artery is damaged in a proximal humeral fracture

A

posterior circumflex artery

49
Q

in a proximal humeral fracture what is the humeral head at risk of

A

AVN

50
Q

in a mid-clavicular fracture how are the fragments displaced

A

medial end superiorly due to sternocleidomastoid

lateral is inferiorly due to weight of arm and medially due to pec major

51
Q

what artery is affected in a clavicular fracture

A

subclavian artery

52
Q

what is painful arc

A

where pain is experienced when raising the arm between 60-120 degrees as there is an inflamed supraspinous tendon being impinged in the caracoarcomial arch

53
Q

how does a supracondyle fracture occur

A

falling onto a flexed elbow

54
Q

when is carpal tunnel syndrome worse

A

in the mornings

55
Q

what is the treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

splint to hold the wrist in dorsiflexion, corticosteroid injections and surgical intervention

56
Q

what nerves may be damaged in a clavicular fracture

A

suprascapular nerves which supply the lateral rotators

57
Q

what artery is damaged in a mid humeral fracture

A

profunda brachii artery

58
Q

what happens in a mid humeral fracture

A

wrist drop

59
Q

what is a Bennett’s fracture

A

fracture of the 1st metacarpal base

60
Q

what is the most common cause of accessory nerve damage

A

due to medical procedure

61
Q

how do you test for accessory nerve damage

A

ask the patient to shrug their shoulders

62
Q

what is the Popeye sign

A

when the long head of the biceps brachii ruptures giving a bulge when flexing

63
Q

how is the musculocutaenous nerve damaged

A

direct injury

64
Q

what types of bursitis can occur in the elbow

A

subcutaneous bursitis and subtendinosus bursitis

65
Q

what is an aneurysm

A

dilation of a blood vessel to more than twice its original size

Musculoskeletal System (11 decks)

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