Forearm

Question 1

what are the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

Answer 1

pronator teres
flexor carpi radilalis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 2

where does the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm originate from

Answer 2

medial epicondyle

Question 3

what innervates the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

Answer 3

pronator teres - median
flexor carpi radilalis -median
palmaris longus - median
flexor carpi ulnaris - ulnar

Question 4

where does the pronator teres attach

Answer 4

lateral mid shaft of humerus

Question 5

where does the flexor carpi radialis attach

Answer 5

base of metacarpels II and III

Question 6

where does the palmaris longus attach

Answer 6

flexor retinaculum of the wrist

Question 7

where does the flexor carpi ulnaris attach

Answer 7

pisiform carpal bone

Question 8

what is the function of the pronator teres

Answer 8

pronation

Question 9

what is the function of the flexor carpi radialis

Answer 9

flexion and abduction of the wrist

Question 10

what is the function of the palmaris longus

Answer 10

flexion at the wrist

Question 11

what is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 11

flexion and adduction of the wrist

Question 12

where does the flexor digitorum superficialis originate

Answer 12

medial epicondyle

Question 13

where does the flexor digitorum superficialis attach

Answer 13

middle phlanges of the 4 fingers

Question 14

what is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 14

flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints ans proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers. Flexes the wrist

Question 15

what innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 15

median nerve

Question 16

what are the 3 deep anterior forearm muscles

Answer 16

flexor digitorium profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

Question 17

where does the flexor digitorium profundus originate and attach

Answer 17

originate: ulna and interosseous membrane
attach: it spilts into 4 tendons at the wrist which pass through the carpal tunnel and attach to the distal phalanges of the 4 fingers

Question 18

what is the function of the flexor digitorium profundus

Answer 18

flex the distal interphalangeal joints and the metacarpophalangeal joints at the wrist

Question 19

What innervates the flexor digitorium profundus

Answer 19

medial half is by the ulnar nerve

lateral half is by the median nerve

Question 20

where does the flexor pollicis longus attach and originate

Answer 20

attach: radius and interosseous membrane
attaches: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

Question 21

what is the function of the flexor pollicis longus

Answer 21

flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb

Question 22

what innervates the flexor pollicis longus

Answer 22

median nerve

Question 23

where does the pronator quadratus attach and originate

Answer 23

attach: anterior surface of radius
originate: anterior surface of ulnar

Question 24

what is the function of the pronator quadratus

Answer 24

pronation

Question 25

what innervates the pronator quadratus

Answer 25

median nerve

Question 26

what makes up the lateral border of the cubital fossa

Answer 26

medial border of the brachioradialis muscle

Question 27

what makes up the medial border of the cubita fossa

Answer 27

lateral border of the pronator teres muscle

Question 28

what makes up the superior border of the cubita fossa

Answer 28

imaginary line between the epicondyles of the humerus

Question 29

what makes up the roof of the cubita fossa

Answer 29

skin, fascia and bicipital aponeurosis

Question 30

what makes up the floor of the cubita fossa

Answer 30

proximally by the brachialis and distally by the supinator

Question 31

what is the contents of the cubita fossa

Answer 31

radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

Question 32

which pulse can be palpated in the cubita fossa

Answer 32

brachial pulse

Question 33

what are the borders of the carpal tunnel

Answer 33

the carpal arch forms a concave surface by the proximal carpal bones. a layer of thick connective tissue called the flexor retinaculum covers this

Question 34

what is the contents of the carpal tunnel

Answer 34

- 4 tendons from the flexor digitorum profundus - 4 tendons from the flexor digitorum superficialis - tendon of the flexor pollicis longus - median nerve

Question 35

what are the tendons in the carpal tunnel covered by and why

Answer 35

synovial sheaths for free movement

Question 36

what is carpal tunnel syndrome caused by

Answer 36

compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel which can be caused by thickening of the ligaments or of the tendon sheaths

Question 37

what symptoms are present in carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 37

- weakness and atrophy of the thenar muscles - numbness, tingling and pain where the median nerve distributes - pain in the forearm

Question 38

what is a pulled elbow

Answer 38

a sublaxation (partial dislocation) so that the radial head is distally displaced from the annular ligament

Question 39

why are pulled elbows more common in children

Answer 39

as this ligament strengthens with age making the dislocation harder

Question 40

what is a colles' fracture

Answer 40

fracture of the distal radius commonly occurring on an outstretched hand

Question 41

with what fracture is a dinner fork deformity seen

Answer 41

colles' fracture

Question 42

what are the 7 superficial muscles of the posterior forearm

Answer 42

brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis Longus and Brevis, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Digiti Minimi, Anconeus and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 43

what nerve supplies all the muscles of the posterior forearm

Answer 43

radial nerve

Question 44

what are the 5 deep posterior forearm muscles

Answer 44

supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus and extensor indicis proprius

Question 45

where does the supinator originate and attach

Answer 45

originate: lateral epicondyle attach: posterior ulna

Question 46

what is the function of the supinator

Answer 46

supination

Question 47

what are the 2 supinators of the forearm

Answer 47

biceps brachii and the supinator

Question 48

where does the abductor pollicis longus attach and originate

Answer 48

originate: interosseous membrane and the adjacent surfaces of the ulna and radius attach: lateral side of the base of metacarpal I

Question 49

what is the function of the abductor pollicis longus

Answer 49

abducts the thumb

Question 50

where does the extensor pollicis brevis attach and originate

Answer 50

originate: radius and interosseous membrane attach: base of the proximal phalange of the thumb

Question 51

what is the function of the extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 51

extends the metacarpophalangeal and capometacarpal joints of the thumb

Question 52

where does the extensor pollicis longus attach and originate

Answer 52

originate: ulna and interosseous membrane attach: distal phalanx of the thumb

Question 53

what is the function of the extensor pollicis longus

Answer 53

extends all joints of the thumb

Question 54

where does the extensor indicis proprius attach and originate

Answer 54

attach: extensor hood of little finger originate: ulna and interosseous membrane

Question 55

what is the function of the extensor indicis proprius

Answer 55

extends the middle finger