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Musculoskeletal System > Forearm > Flashcards

Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radilalis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

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2
Q

where does the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm originate from

A

medial epicondyle

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3
Q

what innervates the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

A

pronator teres - median
flexor carpi radilalis -median
palmaris longus - median
flexor carpi ulnaris - ulnar

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4
Q

where does the pronator teres attach

A

lateral mid shaft of humerus

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5
Q

where does the flexor carpi radialis attach

A

base of metacarpels II and III

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6
Q

where does the palmaris longus attach

A

flexor retinaculum of the wrist

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7
Q

where does the flexor carpi ulnaris attach

A

pisiform carpal bone

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8
Q

what is the function of the pronator teres

A

pronation

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9
Q

what is the function of the flexor carpi radialis

A

flexion and abduction of the wrist

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10
Q

what is the function of the palmaris longus

A

flexion at the wrist

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11
Q

what is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexion and adduction of the wrist

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12
Q

where does the flexor digitorum superficialis originate

A

medial epicondyle

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13
Q

where does the flexor digitorum superficialis attach

A

middle phlanges of the 4 fingers

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14
Q

what is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints ans proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers. Flexes the wrist

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15
Q

what innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis

A

median nerve

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16
Q

what are the 3 deep anterior forearm muscles

A

flexor digitorium profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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17
Q

where does the flexor digitorium profundus originate and attach

A

originate: ulna and interosseous membrane
attach: it spilts into 4 tendons at the wrist which pass through the carpal tunnel and attach to the distal phalanges of the 4 fingers

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18
Q

what is the function of the flexor digitorium profundus

A

flex the distal interphalangeal joints and the metacarpophalangeal joints at the wrist

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19
Q

What innervates the flexor digitorium profundus

A

medial half is by the ulnar nerve

lateral half is by the median nerve

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20
Q

where does the flexor pollicis longus attach and originate

A

attach: radius and interosseous membrane
attaches: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

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21
Q

what is the function of the flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb

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22
Q

what innervates the flexor pollicis longus

A

median nerve

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23
Q

where does the pronator quadratus attach and originate

A

attach: anterior surface of radius
originate: anterior surface of ulnar

24
Q

what is the function of the pronator quadratus

A

pronation

25
Q

what innervates the pronator quadratus

A

median nerve

26
Q

what makes up the lateral border of the cubital fossa

A

medial border of the brachioradialis muscle

27
Q

what makes up the medial border of the cubita fossa

A

lateral border of the pronator teres muscle

28
Q

what makes up the superior border of the cubita fossa

A

imaginary line between the epicondyles of the humerus

29
Q

what makes up the roof of the cubita fossa

A

skin, fascia and bicipital aponeurosis

30
Q

what makes up the floor of the cubita fossa

A

proximally by the brachialis and distally by the supinator

31
Q

what is the contents of the cubita fossa

A

radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

32
Q

which pulse can be palpated in the cubita fossa

A

brachial pulse

33
Q

what are the borders of the carpal tunnel

A

the carpal arch forms a concave surface by the proximal carpal bones. a layer of thick connective tissue called the flexor retinaculum covers this

34
Q

what is the contents of the carpal tunnel

A
  • 4 tendons from the flexor digitorum profundus
  • 4 tendons from the flexor digitorum superficialis
  • tendon of the flexor pollicis longus
  • median nerve
35
Q

what are the tendons in the carpal tunnel covered by and why

A

synovial sheaths for free movement

36
Q

what is carpal tunnel syndrome caused by

A

compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel which can be caused by thickening of the ligaments or of the tendon sheaths

37
Q

what symptoms are present in carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • weakness and atrophy of the thenar muscles
  • numbness, tingling and pain where the median nerve distributes
  • pain in the forearm
38
Q

what is a pulled elbow

A

a sublaxation (partial dislocation) so that the radial head is distally displaced from the annular ligament

39
Q

why are pulled elbows more common in children

A

as this ligament strengthens with age making the dislocation harder

40
Q

what is a colles’ fracture

A

fracture of the distal radius commonly occurring on an outstretched hand

41
Q

with what fracture is a dinner fork deformity seen

A

colles’ fracture

42
Q

what are the 7 superficial muscles of the posterior forearm

A

brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis Longus and Brevis, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Digiti Minimi, Anconeus and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

43
Q

what nerve supplies all the muscles of the posterior forearm

A

radial nerve

44
Q

what are the 5 deep posterior forearm muscles

A

supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus and extensor indicis proprius

45
Q

where does the supinator originate and attach

A

originate: lateral epicondyle
attach: posterior ulna

46
Q

what is the function of the supinator

A

supination

47
Q

what are the 2 supinators of the forearm

A

biceps brachii and the supinator

48
Q

where does the abductor pollicis longus attach and originate

A

originate: interosseous membrane and the adjacent surfaces of the ulna and radius
attach: lateral side of the base of metacarpal I

49
Q

what is the function of the abductor pollicis longus

A

abducts the thumb

50
Q

where does the extensor pollicis brevis attach and originate

A

originate: radius and interosseous membrane
attach: base of the proximal phalange of the thumb

51
Q

what is the function of the extensor pollicis brevis

A

extends the metacarpophalangeal and capometacarpal joints of the thumb

52
Q

where does the extensor pollicis longus attach and originate

A

originate: ulna and interosseous membrane
attach: distal phalanx of the thumb

53
Q

what is the function of the extensor pollicis longus

A

extends all joints of the thumb

54
Q

where does the extensor indicis proprius attach and originate

A

attach: extensor hood of little finger
originate: ulna and interosseous membrane

55
Q

what is the function of the extensor indicis proprius

A

extends the middle finger

Musculoskeletal System (11 decks)

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