Forearm Flashcards
what are the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm
pronator teres
flexor carpi radilalis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
where does the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm originate from
medial epicondyle
what innervates the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm
pronator teres - median
flexor carpi radilalis -median
palmaris longus - median
flexor carpi ulnaris - ulnar
where does the pronator teres attach
lateral mid shaft of humerus
where does the flexor carpi radialis attach
base of metacarpels II and III
where does the palmaris longus attach
flexor retinaculum of the wrist
where does the flexor carpi ulnaris attach
pisiform carpal bone
what is the function of the pronator teres
pronation
what is the function of the flexor carpi radialis
flexion and abduction of the wrist
what is the function of the palmaris longus
flexion at the wrist
what is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris
flexion and adduction of the wrist
where does the flexor digitorum superficialis originate
medial epicondyle
where does the flexor digitorum superficialis attach
middle phlanges of the 4 fingers
what is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis
flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints ans proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers. Flexes the wrist
what innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis
median nerve
what are the 3 deep anterior forearm muscles
flexor digitorium profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus
where does the flexor digitorium profundus originate and attach
originate: ulna and interosseous membrane
attach: it spilts into 4 tendons at the wrist which pass through the carpal tunnel and attach to the distal phalanges of the 4 fingers
what is the function of the flexor digitorium profundus
flex the distal interphalangeal joints and the metacarpophalangeal joints at the wrist
What innervates the flexor digitorium profundus
medial half is by the ulnar nerve
lateral half is by the median nerve
where does the flexor pollicis longus attach and originate
attach: radius and interosseous membrane
attaches: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
what is the function of the flexor pollicis longus
flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
what innervates the flexor pollicis longus
median nerve
where does the pronator quadratus attach and originate
attach: anterior surface of radius
originate: anterior surface of ulnar
what is the function of the pronator quadratus
pronation
what innervates the pronator quadratus
median nerve
what makes up the lateral border of the cubital fossa
medial border of the brachioradialis muscle
what makes up the medial border of the cubita fossa
lateral border of the pronator teres muscle
what makes up the superior border of the cubita fossa
imaginary line between the epicondyles of the humerus
what makes up the roof of the cubita fossa
skin, fascia and bicipital aponeurosis
what makes up the floor of the cubita fossa
proximally by the brachialis and distally by the supinator
what is the contents of the cubita fossa
radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve
which pulse can be palpated in the cubita fossa
brachial pulse
what are the borders of the carpal tunnel
the carpal arch forms a concave surface by the proximal carpal bones. a layer of thick connective tissue called the flexor retinaculum covers this
what is the contents of the carpal tunnel
- 4 tendons from the flexor digitorum profundus
- 4 tendons from the flexor digitorum superficialis
- tendon of the flexor pollicis longus
- median nerve
what are the tendons in the carpal tunnel covered by and why
synovial sheaths for free movement
what is carpal tunnel syndrome caused by
compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel which can be caused by thickening of the ligaments or of the tendon sheaths
what symptoms are present in carpal tunnel syndrome
- weakness and atrophy of the thenar muscles
- numbness, tingling and pain where the median nerve distributes
- pain in the forearm
what is a pulled elbow
a sublaxation (partial dislocation) so that the radial head is distally displaced from the annular ligament
why are pulled elbows more common in children
as this ligament strengthens with age making the dislocation harder
what is a colles’ fracture
fracture of the distal radius commonly occurring on an outstretched hand
with what fracture is a dinner fork deformity seen
colles’ fracture
what are the 7 superficial muscles of the posterior forearm
brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis Longus and Brevis, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Digiti Minimi, Anconeus and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
what nerve supplies all the muscles of the posterior forearm
radial nerve
what are the 5 deep posterior forearm muscles
supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus and extensor indicis proprius
where does the supinator originate and attach
originate: lateral epicondyle
attach: posterior ulna
what is the function of the supinator
supination
what are the 2 supinators of the forearm
biceps brachii and the supinator
where does the abductor pollicis longus attach and originate
originate: interosseous membrane and the adjacent surfaces of the ulna and radius
attach: lateral side of the base of metacarpal I
what is the function of the abductor pollicis longus
abducts the thumb
where does the extensor pollicis brevis attach and originate
originate: radius and interosseous membrane
attach: base of the proximal phalange of the thumb
what is the function of the extensor pollicis brevis
extends the metacarpophalangeal and capometacarpal joints of the thumb
where does the extensor pollicis longus attach and originate
originate: ulna and interosseous membrane
attach: distal phalanx of the thumb
what is the function of the extensor pollicis longus
extends all joints of the thumb
where does the extensor indicis proprius attach and originate
attach: extensor hood of little finger
originate: ulna and interosseous membrane
what is the function of the extensor indicis proprius
extends the middle finger
