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Year 2 - Anatomy > Muscles of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Muscles of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the pectoralis major?

A

Medial half of clavicle and anterior surface of sternum, first seven costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique

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2
Q

What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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3
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major?

A

Adduction, medial rotation and flexion of the humerus at the shoulder joint

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis major?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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5
Q

What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?

A

Anterior surfaces of the third, fourth and fifth ribs, and deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces

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6
Q

What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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7
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis minor?

A

Depresses tip of shoulder, protracts scapula

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8
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerves

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9
Q

What is the origin of the subclavius?

A

Rib I at junction between rib and costal cartilage

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the subclavius?

A

Groove on inferior surface of middle third clavicle

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11
Q

What is the action of the subclavius?

A

Pulls clavicle medially to stabilise sternoclavicular joint; depresses tip of shoulder

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the subclavius?

A

Nerve to subclavius

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13
Q

What is the origin of the serratus anterior?

A

Anterior portions of first 8 ribs

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14
Q

What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

Internal surface of medial border of scapula

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15
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

A

Holds scapula against ribcage to prevent ‘winging’ of the inferior angle of the scapula

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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17
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

A

Skull, ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of C7-T12

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18
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius muscle?

A

Clavicle, acromion and the spine of the scapula

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19
Q

What is the action of the trapezius muscle?

A

Elevation, rotation, retraction and depression of the scapula

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius muscle?

A

Accessory nerve

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21
Q

What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous processes of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and the inferior three ribs

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22
Q

What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

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23
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Extension, adduction and medial rotation of the upper limb

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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25
Q

What is the origin of the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse processes of the C1-C4 vertebrae

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26
Q

What is the insertion of the levator scapulae?

A

Medial border of the scapula

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27
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevation of the scapula

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28
Q

What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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29
Q

What is the origin of the rhomboid major?

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae

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30
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboid major?

A

Medial border of the scapula, between the scapula spine and inferior angle

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31
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid major?

A

Retracts and rotates the scapula

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32
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboid major?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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33
Q

What is the origin of the rhomboid minor?

A

Spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae

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34
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboid minor?

A

Medial border of the scapula, at the level of the spine of scapula

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35
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid minor?

A

Retracts and rotates the scapula

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36
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboid minor?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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37
Q

What is the origin of deltoid?

A

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

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38
Q

What is the insertion of deltoid?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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39
Q

What is the action of deltoid?

A
  • clavicular (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm
  • acromial (middle) part: abducts arm
  • spinal (posterior) part: extends and laterally rotates arm
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40
Q

What is the innervation of deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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41
Q

What is the origin of supraspinatus?

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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42
Q

What is the insertion of supraspinatus?

A

(Superior facet of) greater tubercle of humerus

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43
Q

What is the action of supraspinatus?

A

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles

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44
Q

What is the innervation of supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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45
Q

What is the origin of infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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46
Q

What is the insertion of infraspinatus?

A

(Middle facet of) greater tubercle of humerus

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47
Q

What is the action of infraspinatus?

A

Laterally rotates arm, and acts with rotator cuff muscles

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48
Q

What is the innervation of infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

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49
Q

What is the origin of teres minor?

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

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50
Q

What is the insertion of teres minor?

A

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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51
Q

What is the action of teres minor?

A

Laterally rotates arm, and acts with rotator cuff muscles

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52
Q

What is the innervation of teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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53
Q

What is the origin of teres major?

A

Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

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54
Q

What is the insertion of teres major?

A

Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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55
Q

What is the action of teres major?

A

Adducts and medially rotates arm

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56
Q

What is the innervation of teres major?

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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57
Q

What is the origin of subscapularis?

A

Subscapular fossa (most of the anterior space of scapula)

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58
Q

What is the insertion of subscapularis?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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59
Q

What is the action of subscapularis?

A

Medially rotates arm, as part of rotator cuff - helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity

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60
Q

What is the innervation of subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

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61
Q

What is the origin of biceps brachii?

A
  • Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
  • Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
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62
Q

What is the insertion of biceps brachii?

A

Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

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63
Q

What is the action of biceps brachii?

A
  • Supinates forearm and, when supine, flexes forearm
  • Short head resists dislocation of shoulder
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64
Q

What is the innervation of biceps brachii?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

65
Q

What is the origin of coracobrachialis?

A

Tip of coracoid process of scapula

66
Q

What is the insertion of coracobrachialis?

A

Middle third of medial surface of humerus

67
Q

What is the action of coracobrachialis?

A

Helps flex and adduct arm, resists dislocation of shoulder

68
Q

What is the innervation of coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

69
Q

What is the origin of brachialis?

A

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

70
Q

What is the insertion of brachialis?

A

Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

71
Q

What is the function of brachialis?

A

Flexes forearm in all positions

72
Q

What is the innervation of brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7) and radial nerve (C5, C7)

73
Q

What is the origin of triceps brachii?

A
  • Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
  • Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
74
Q

What is the insertion of triceps brachii?

A

Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

75
Q

What is the action of triceps brachii?

A
  • Chief extensor of forearm
  • Long head resists dislocation of humerus, especially important during adduction
76
Q

What is the innervation of triceps brachii?

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

77
Q

What is the origin of anconeus?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

78
Q

What is the insertion of anconeus?

A

Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna

79
Q

What is the action of anconeus?

A

Assists triceps in extending forearm, stabilises elbow joint, may abduct ulna during pronation

80
Q

What is the innervation of anconeus?

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)

81
Q

What muscles are involved in supination?

A

Supinator, biceps brachii

82
Q

What muscles are involved in pronation?

A

Pronator quadratus, pronator teres

83
Q

What is the nerve supply to supinator?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

84
Q

What is the nerve supply to biceps brachii?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)

85
Q

What is the nerve supply to pronator quadratus?

A

Median nerve (C8, T1)

86
Q

What is the nerve supply to pronator teres?

A

Median nerve (C6, C7)

87
Q

What is the origin of pronator teres?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

88
Q

What is the insertion of pronator teres?

A

Lateral radius

89
Q

What is the action of pronator teres?

A

Pronates and flexes forearm

90
Q

What is the innervation of pronator teres?

A

Median nerve (C6-7)

91
Q

What is the origin of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

92
Q

What is the insertion of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

93
Q

What is the action of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Flexes and abducts wrist

94
Q

What is the innervation of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve (C6-7)

95
Q

What is the origin of palmaris longus?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

96
Q

What is the insertion of palmaris longus?

A

Palmar aponeurosis

97
Q

What is the action of palmaris longus?

A

Tenses palmar aponeurosis, flexes wrist

98
Q

What is the innervation of palmaris longus?

A

Median nerve (C7-8)

99
Q

What is the origin of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon

100
Q

What is the insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Pisiform, hook of hamate, and 5th metacarpal

101
Q

What is the action of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexes and adducts wrist

102
Q

What is the innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve (C7-8)

103
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Medial epicondyle

104
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Middle phalanges of medial four digits

105
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flexes middle phalanges at PIPs (and MCPs) of middle four digits

106
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)

107
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Proximal 3/4 of ulna and interosseous membrane

108
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

109
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Flexes distal joints DIPs of fingers 2-5

110
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Median and ulnar nerves (C8, T1)

111
Q

What is the origin of flexor pollicis longus?

A

Anterior radius and interosseus membrane

112
Q

What is the insertion of flexor pollicis longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

113
Q

What is the action of flexor pollicis longus?

A

Flexes thumb

114
Q

What is the innervation of flexor pollicis longus?

A

Anterior interosseus nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)

115
Q

What is the origin of pronator quadratus?

A

Distal 1/4 of ulna

116
Q

What is the insertion of pronator quadratus?

A

Distal 1/4 of radius

117
Q

What is the action of pronator quadratus?

A

Pronates forearm

118
Q

What is the innervation of pronator quadratus?

A

Anterior interosseus nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)

119
Q

What is the origin of brachioradialis?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

120
Q

What is the insertion of brachioradialis?

A

Lateral surface of radius at the styloid process

121
Q

What is the action of brachioradialis?

A

Flexes arm at elbow

122
Q

What is the innervation of brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve (C5-7)

123
Q

What is the origin of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

124
Q

What is the insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Base of 2nd metacarpal

125
Q

What is the action of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Extends and abducts wrist

126
Q

What is the innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Radial nerve (C6-7)

127
Q

What is the origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

128
Q

What is the insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Base of 3rd metacarpal

129
Q

What is the action of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Extends and abducts wrist

130
Q

What is the innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7-8)

131
Q

What is the origin of extensor digitorum?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

132
Q

What is the insertion of extensor digitorum?

A

Extensor expansion of fingers 2-5

133
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum?

A

Extends fingers

134
Q

What is the innervation of extensor digitorum?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7-8)

135
Q

What is the origin of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna

136
Q

What is the insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Base of 5th metacarpal

137
Q

What is the action of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Extends and adducts wrist

138
Q

What is the innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7-8)

139
Q

What is the origin of supinator?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator crest of ulna

140
Q

What is the insertion of supinator?

A

Proximal end of radius

141
Q

What is the action of supinator?

A

Supinates forearm

142
Q

What is the innervation of supinator?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7-8)

143
Q

What is the origin of extensor indicis?

A

Posterior surface of ulna and interosseus membrane

144
Q

What is the insertion of extensor indicis?

A

Extensor expansion of index finger

145
Q

What is the action of extensor indicis?

A

Extends index finger

146
Q

What is the innervation of extensor indicis?

A

Posterior interosseus nerve from deep branch of radial nerve (C7-8)

147
Q

What is the origin of abductor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior surface of radius and ulna and interosseus membrane

148
Q

What is the insertion of abductor pollicis longus?

A

Base of first metacarpal

149
Q

What is the action of abductor pollicis longus?

A

Abducts and extends thumb

150
Q

What is the innervation of abductor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseus nerve (C7-8)

151
Q

What is the origin of extensor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior surface of ulna and interosseus membrane

152
Q

What is the insertion of extensor pollicis longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

153
Q

What is the action of extensor pollicis longus?

A

Extends thumb

154
Q

What is the innervation of extensor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseus nerve (C7-8)

155
Q

What is the origin of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Posterior surface of radius and interosseus membrane

156
Q

What is the insertion of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

157
Q

What is the action of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Extends thumb

158
Q

What is the innervation of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Posterior interosseus nerve (C7-8)

Year 2 - Anatomy (7 decks)

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