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Year 2 - Anatomy > Muscles of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Muscles of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of gluteus maximus?

A

Posterior gluteal surface of ilium, sacrum and coccyx

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2
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus maximus?

A

Iliotibial tract (–> lateral condyle of tibia) and gluteal tuberosity on posterior femur

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3
Q

What is the action of gluteus maximus?

A

Extension of hip joint and lateral rotation

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4
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

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5
Q

What is the origin of gluteus medius?

A

Gluteal surface of ilium

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6
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus medius?

A

Lateral surface of greater trochanter

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7
Q

What is the action of gluteus medius?

A
  • extension of hip joint
  • abduction and medial rotation
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8
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)

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9
Q

What is the origin of gluteus minimus?

A

Ilium

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10
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus minimus?

A

Anterior surface of the greater trochanter

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11
Q

What is the action of gluteus minimus?

A
  • extension of hip joint
  • abduction and medial rotation
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12
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)

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13
Q

What is the origin of tensor fasciae latae?

A

ASIS

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14
Q

What is the insertion of tensor fasciae latae?

A

Iliotibial tract which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia

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15
Q

What is the action of tensor fasciae latae?

A

Assists gluteus medius and minimus in function

  • extension of hip
  • abduction and medial rotation
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16
Q

What is the innervation of tensor fasciae latae?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)

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17
Q

What is the origin of pectineus?

A

Superior ramus of pubis

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18
Q

What is the insertion of pectineus?

A

Pectineal line, inferior to lesser trochanter

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19
Q

What is the action of pectineus?

A

Adduction and flexion at hip joint

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20
Q

What is the innervation of pectineus?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-3), may receive a branch from obturator nerve

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21
Q

What is the origin of iliopsoas (psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus)?

A
  • psoas major - lumbar vertebrae (T12-L5)
  • psoas minor - lumbar vertebrae (T12-L1)
  • iliacus - iliac fossa
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22
Q

What is the insertion of iliopsoas (psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus)?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

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23
Q

What is the action of iliopsoas (psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus)?

A

Flexion at hip joint

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24
Q

What is the innervation of iliopsoas (psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus)?

A
  • psoas major - anterior rami of lumbar vertebrae (L1-3)
  • psoas minor - anterior rami of lumbar vertebrae (L1-2)
  • iliacus - femoral nerve (L2-3)
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25
Q

What is the origin of sartorius?

A

ASIS

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26
Q

What is the insertion of sartorius?

A

Medial surface of the tibia

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27
Q

What is the action of sartorius?

A
  • flexion, abduction and lateral rotation at hip joint
  • flexes leg at knee joint
  • (sitting cross-legged muscle)
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28
Q

What is the innervation of sartorius?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-3)

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29
Q

What is the origin of adductor longus?

A

Pubis

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30
Q

What is the insertion of adductor longus?

A

Linea aspera of femur

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31
Q

What is the action of adductor longus?

A

Adduction of thigh

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32
Q

What is the innervation of adductor longus?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-4)

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33
Q

What is the origin of adductor brevis?

A

Pubis and inferior pubic rami

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34
Q

What is the insertion of adductor brevis?

A

Linea aspera of posterior surface of femur

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35
Q

What is the action of adductor brevis?

A

Adduction of thigh

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36
Q

What is the innervation of adductor brevis?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-4)

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37
Q

What is the origin of adductor magnus?

A
  • adductor - inferior rami of pubis and ischium
  • hamstring - ischial tuberosity
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38
Q

What is the insertion of adductor magnus?

A
  • adductor - linea aspera of femur
  • hamstring - adductor tubercle of femur
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39
Q

What is the action of adductor magnus?

A
  • adduction of thigh
  • adductor part flexes thigh
  • hamstring part extends thigh
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40
Q

What is the innervation of adductor magnus?

A
  • adductor - obturator nerve (L2-4)
  • hamstring - tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)
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41
Q

What is the origin of gracilis?

A

Body and inferior rami of pubis

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42
Q

What is the insertion of gracilis?

A

Medial surface of tibia

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43
Q

What is the action of gracilis?

A
  • adduction of thigh at hip
  • flexion of leg at knee
  • helps medially rotate leg
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44
Q

What is the innervation of gracilis?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-3)

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45
Q

What is the origin of obturator externus?

A

Membrane of obturator foramen

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46
Q

What is the insertion of obturator externus?

A

Posterior surface of greater trochanter

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47
Q

What is the action of obturator externus?

A

Adduction and lateral rotation of high
(Steadies HoF in acetabulum)

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48
Q

What is the innervation of obturator externus?

A

Obturator nerve (L3-4)

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49
Q

What is the origin of piriformis?

A

Anterior surface of sacrum

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50
Q

What is the insertion of piriformis?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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51
Q

What is the action of piriformis?

A

Lateral rotation of hip and abduction of femur

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52
Q

What is the innervation of piriformis?

A

Anterior rami of S1 & S2

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53
Q

What is the origin of obturator internus?

A

Obturator foramen

54
Q

What is the insertion of obturator internus?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

55
Q

What is the action of obturator internus?

A

Lateral rotation of hip and abduction of femur

56
Q

What is the innervation of obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)

57
Q

What is the origin of superior and inferior gemelli?

A
  • superior - ischial spine
  • inferior - ischial tuberosity
58
Q

What is the insertion of superior and inferior gemelli?

A

Greater trochanter

59
Q

What is the action of superior and inferior gemelli?

A

Lateral rotation of hip and abduction of femur

60
Q

What is the innervation of superior and inferior gemelli?

A
  • superior - nerve to obturator internus
  • inferior - nerve to quadratus femoris
61
Q

What is the origin of quadratus femoris?

A

Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

62
Q

What is the insertion of quadratus femoris?

A

Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest

63
Q

What is the action of quadratus femoris?

A

Lateral rotation of hip

64
Q

What is the innervation of quadratus femoris?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)

65
Q

What is the origin of quadriceps femoris?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius

A
  • rectus femoris - AIIS
  • vastus lateralis - greater trochanter
  • vastus medialis - intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
  • vastus intermedius - anterior and lateral surface of femoral shaft
66
Q

What is the insertion of quadriceps femoris?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius

A

Quadriceps tendon –> patella

67
Q

What is the action of quadriceps femoris?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius

A
  • flexion at hip
  • extension at knee
68
Q

What is the innervation of quadriceps femoris?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius

A

Femoral nerve (L2-4)

69
Q

What is the origin of semitendinosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

70
Q

What is the insertion of semitendinosus?

A

Medial surface of tibia

71
Q

What is the action of semitendinosus?

A
  • flexion at knee joint
  • extension at hip/thigh joint
  • medially rotate thigh at hip and knee
72
Q

What is the innervation of semitendinosus?

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

73
Q

What is the origin of semimembranosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

74
Q

What is the insertion of semimembranosus?

A

Medial tibial condyle

75
Q

What is the action of semimembranosus?

A
  • flexion at knee joint
  • extension at hip/thigh joint
76
Q

What is the innervation of semimembranosus?

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

77
Q

What is the origin of biceps femoris?

A
  • long head - ischial tuberosity
  • short head - linea aspera of femur
78
Q

What is the insertion of biceps femoris?

A

Head of fibula

79
Q

What is the action of biceps femoris?

A
  • flexion at knee joint
  • extension at hip/thigh joint
  • laterally rotate hip and knee
80
Q

What is the innervation of biceps femoris?

A
  • long head - tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
  • short head - common fibular part of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
81
Q

What is the origin of tibialis anterior?

A

Lateral surface of tibia

82
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis anterior?

A

Medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

83
Q

What is the action of tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexion of ankle and inversion of foot

84
Q

What is the innervation of tibialis anterior?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4-5)

85
Q

What is the origin of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibula

86
Q

What is the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four toes

87
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • extends lateral four digits
  • dorsiflexes ankle
88
Q

What is the innervation of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4-5)

89
Q

What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Medial surface of fibula

90
Q

What is the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of big toe

91
Q

What is the action of extensor hallucis longus?

A
  • extends great toe
  • dorsiflexes ankle
92
Q

What is the innervation of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4-5)

93
Q

What is the origin of fibularis tertius?

A

Anterior surface of fibula

94
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis tertius?

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

95
Q

What is the action of fibularis tertius?

A
  • dorsiflexion of ankle
  • eversion of foot
96
Q

What is the innervation of fibularis tertius?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4-5)

97
Q

What is the origin of fibularis longus?

A

Lateral surface of fibula

98
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis longus?

A

Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

99
Q

What is the action of fibularis longus?

A
  • eversion of foot
  • plantarflexion
100
Q

What is the innervation of fibularis longus?

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L4-5)

101
Q

What is the origin of fibularis brevis?

A

Lateral surface of fibula

102
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis longus?

A

5th metatarsal

103
Q

What is the action of fibularis longus?

A
  • eversion of foot
  • plantarflexion
104
Q

What is the innervation of fibularis longus?

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L4-5)

105
Q

What is the origin of gastrocnemius?

A
  • lateral head - lateral femoral condyle
  • medial head - medial femoral condyle
106
Q

What is the insertion of gastrocnemius?

A

Calcaneal tendon

107
Q

What is the action of gastrocnemius?

A

Plantarflexion of ankle

108
Q

What is the innervation of gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve (S1-2)

109
Q

What is the origin of soleus?

A

Soleal line of tibia, and fibular head

110
Q

What is the insertion of soleus?

A

Calcaneal tendon

111
Q

What is the action of soleus?

A

Plantarflexion of ankle

112
Q

What is the innervation of soleus?

A

Tibial nerve (S1-2)

113
Q

What is the origin of plantaris?

A

Lateral supracondylar line of femur

114
Q

What is the insertion of plantaris?

A

Calcaneal tendon

115
Q

What is the action of plantaris?

A

Plantarflexion of foot

116
Q

What is the innervation of plantaris?

A

Tibial nerve (S1-2)

117
Q

What is the origin of popliteus?

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur

118
Q

What is the insertion of popliteus?

A

Posterior tibia

119
Q

What is the action of popliteus?

A

Laterally rotates femur on tibia, unlocking the joint to allow for flexion

120
Q

What is the innervation of popliteus?

A

Tibial nerve (L4-S1)

121
Q

What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Posterior surface of fibula

122
Q

What is the insertion of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of great toe

123
Q

What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Flexion of big toe

124
Q

What is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Tibial nerve (S2-3)

125
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Posterior surface of tibia

126
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits

127
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Flexion of lateral four digits

128
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Tibial nerve (S2-3)

129
Q

What is the origin of tibialis posterior?

A

Interosseus membrane between fibula and tibia

130
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?

A

Plantar surface of medial tarsal bones

131
Q

What is the action of tibialis posterior?

A
  • plantarflexion of ankle
  • inversion of foot
132
Q

What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial nerve (S4-5)

Year 2 - Anatomy (7 decks)

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