Muscles of the Limbs

Question 1

What are the muscle compartments of the arm?

Answer 1

Anterior and posterior.

Question 2

What structure separates the muscle compartments?

Answer 2

Deep fascia

Question 3

What are the functions of the muscles in the anterior and posterior compartment?

Answer 3

Anterior - flex

Posterior - Extend

Question 4

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment?

Answer 4

Biceps Brachii, coracobrachialis and Brachialis

Question 5

Which nerve innervates anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 5

Musculocutaneous

Question 6

Which muscle is in the posterior compartment of the arm, and which nerve innervates it?

Answer 6

Triceps brachii, innervated by Radial nerve.

Question 7

Where does the coracobrachialis attach?

Answer 7

Coracoid process of scapula to medial aspect of the shaft of the humerus.

Question 8

Where do the 2 heads of biceps attach?

Answer 8

Long - supraglenoid tubercle

Short - coracoid process

Question 9

What is the distal attachment of the biceps brachii?

Answer 9

Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia of forearm

Question 10

How many heads does the triceps brachii have? Name them.

Answer 10

3. Medial, lateral and long.

The medial and lateral heads attach to the humerus, and the long head attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle.

Question 11

Where does the triceps brachii muscle attach distally?

Answer 11

Ulna.

Question 12

Where does the brachialis attach?

Answer 12

Proximally to the shaft of humerus, distally to coronoid process of ulna.

Question 13

Name the 3 muscle compartments of the thigh, and the structure that separates them

Answer 13

Anterior, posterior and medial. Separated by deep fascia

Question 14

What action do the muscles perform in each of the 3 compartments of the thigh.

Answer 14

Anterior -flex hip, extend knee. Posterior - extend hip, flex knee. Medial - adduct.

Question 15

Which nerves innervate the 3 muscle compartments of the thigh?

Answer 15

Anterior - femoral. Medial - obturator. Posterior - sciatic

Question 16

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 16

Sartorius + Quadriceps - Rectus Femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius.

Question 17

What is the function of the sartorius

Answer 17

flex the hip, flex the knee(!)

Question 18

Where are the greater and lesser trochanters?

Answer 18

Greater - lateral. Lesser - medially.

Question 19

Which muscles form the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 19

Hamstrings - biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

Question 20

Where do the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh attach?

Answer 20

Proximally - all to the ischial tuberosity.

Distally - Medial tibia (semi membranosus/tendinosus) OR HEAD OF FIBULA (biceps)

Question 21

Which nerves innervate posterior compartment of thigh?

Answer 21

Sciatic.

Question 22

Which muscles form the medial compartment of the thigh, and what are their functions?

Answer 22

Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Magnus, pectineus, gracilis, obturator externus. They are all ADDUCTORS.

Question 23

Where is the common proximal atatchment for the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 23

Pubic bone. They are innervated by the obturator nerve.

Question 24

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 24

An increase in volume in the compartments (separated by deep fascia) as a result of infection/trauma.