Muscles of the Hip and Knee Flashcards
O: Transverse processes of T12-L5 (anterior surface), Vertebral bodies of T12-L5, Intervertebral discs of lumbar vertebrae,
I: Lesser trochanter
PSOAS MAJOR (FIG. 21.65)
A: Flexes the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Flexes the vertebral column (bilateral contraction), Anteriorly tilts the pelvis (bilateral contraction)
N: Lumbar plexus
O: Iliac fossa,
I: Lesser trochanter
ILIACUS (FIG. 21.66)
A: Flexes the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Anteriorly tilts the pelvis (bilateral contraction)
N: Femoral nerve
O: Anterior sacrum,
I: Greater trochanter
PIRIFORMIS (SEE FIG. 21.67)
A: Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the hip
N: Sciatic nerve
O: Ischial spine,
I: Greater trochanter
GEMELLUS SUPERIOR (SEE FIG. 21.67)
A: Externally/laterally rotates the hip
N: Sciatic nerve
O: Superior ischial tuberosity,
I: Greater trochanter
GEMELLUS INFERIOR (SEE FIG. 21.67)
A: Externally/laterally rotates the hip
N: Sciatic nerve
O: Obturator membrane, Obturator foramen (interior border),
I: Greater trochanter
OBTURATOR INTERNUS (SEE FIG. 21.67)
A: Externally/laterally rotates the hip
N: Sciatic nerve
O: Obturator membrane, Superior pubic ramus, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus,
I: Greater trochanter
OBTURATOR EXTERNUS (SEE FIG. 21.67), Latin: obturare-obstruct externus-outside, O: Obturator membrane, Superior pubic ramus, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus,
I: Greater trochanter
A: Externally/laterally rotates the hip
N: Obturator nerve
O: Lateral ischial tuberosity,
I: Intertrochanteric crest
QUADRATUS FEMORIS (SEE FIG. 21.67)
A: Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Adducts the hip
N: Sciatic nerve
O: Posterior sacrum, Posterior coccyx, Posterior iliac crest, External ilium to the posterior gluteal line
I: Gluteal tuberosity (25% of fibers), Iliotibial band (75% of fibers)
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS (FIG. 21.69)
A: Extends the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
N: Inferior gluteal nerve
O: External ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines,
I: Greater trochanter
GLUTEUS MEDIUS (FIG. 21.70)
A: Abducts the hip, Internally/medially rotates the hip (anterior fibers), Externally/laterally rotates the hip (posterior fibers), Anteriorly and posteriorly tilts the pelvis
N: Superior gluteal nerve
O: External ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines,
I: Greater trochanter
GLUTEUS MINIMUS (FIG. 21.71)
A: Abducts the hip, Internally/medially rotates the hip (anterior fibers), Externally/laterally rotates the hip (posterior fibers), Anteriorly and posteriorly tilts the pelvis
N: Superior gluteal nerve
O: Anterior iliac crest, Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS),
I: lliotibial band (TB)
TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE (FIG. 21.72)
A: Abducts the hip, Flexes the hip, Internally/medially rotates the hip
N: Superior gluteal nerve
O: Inferior pubic ramus,
I: Medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes anserinus)
GRACILIS (FIG. 21.74)
A: Adducts the hip, Flexes the hip, Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed)
N: Obturator nerve
O: Ischial tuberosity, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus
I: Linea aspera (medial lip), Adductor tubercle of the femur
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (FIG. 21.75
A: Adducts the hip, Flexes the hip, Extends the hip
N: Sciatic and obturator nerves
O: Anterior pubic body,
I: Middle third of the linea aspera (medial lip)
ADDUCTOR LONGUS (FIG. 21.76
A: Adducts the hip
N: Obturator nerve
O: Inferior pubic ramus,
I: Proximal third of the linea aspera (medial lip)
ADDUCTOR BREVIS (FIG. 21.77)
A: Adducts the hip
N: Obturator nerve
O: Inferior pubic ramus,
I: Proximal third of the linea aspera (medial lip)
ADDUCTOR BREVIS (FIG. 21.77)
A: Adducts the hip
N: Obturator nerve
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine (AllS), External ilium just superior to the acetabulum,
I: Tibial tuberosity
RECTUS FEMORIS (FIG. 21.80)
A: Flexes the hip, Extends the knee, Anteriorly tilts the pelvis
N: Femoral nerve
O: Anterior lateral femoral shaft,
I: Tibial tuberosity
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS (FIG. 21.81)
A: Extends the knee
N: Femoral nerve
O: Linea aspera (medial lip), Intertrochanteric line,
I: Tibial tuberosity
VASTUS MEDIALIS (FIG. 21.82)
A: Extends the knee
N: Femoral nerve
O: Linea aspera (lateral lip), Gluteal tuberosity,
I: Tibial tuberosity
VASTUS LATERALIS (FIG. 21.83)
A: Extends the knee
N: Femoral nerve
O: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS),
I: Medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes anserinus)
SARTORIUS (FIG. 21.84)
A: Flexes the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the hip, Flexes the knee
N: Femoral nerve
O: Lateral condyle of femur,
I: Posterior proximal tibial shaft
POPLITEUS (FIG. 21.85)
A: Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed)
N: Tibial nerve
O: Ischial tuberosity,
I: Medial condyle of the tibia
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS (FIG. 21.87)
A: Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed), Extends the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
N: Tibial nerve
O: Ischial tuberosity,
I: Medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes anserinus)
SEMITENDINOSUS (FIG. 21.88)
A: Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed), Extends the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
N: Tibial nerve
O: Ischial tuberosity (long head), Sacrotuberous ligament (long head), Linea aspera; lower lateral lip (short head),
I: Fibular head
BICEPS FEMORIS (FIG. 21.89)
A: Flexes the knee, Externally/laterally rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed), Extends the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
N: Tibial nerve (long head), Common fibular/peroneal nerve (short head)
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PES ANSERINUS (FIG. 21.90)
Flexion of the hip.
Psoas major, Iliacus, Tensor fasciae latae, Rectus femoris, Sartorius, Gracilis, Adductor magnus, Pectineus
Extension of the hip.
Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris, Adductor magnus
Abduction of the hip.
Piriformis, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae, Sartorius, Gluteus maximus
Adduction of the hip.
Adductor magnus, Gracilis, Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, Pectineus, Quadratus femoris
Internal (medial) Rotation of the hip.
Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae
(lateral) Rotation of the hip.
Psoas major lliacus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris, Gluteus maximus, Sartorius
Flexion of the knee.
Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris, Sartorius, Gracilis, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Popliteus
Extension of the knee.
Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius
