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LIMT > All Muscles > Flashcards

All Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

ORIGIN(S): External occipital protuberance , Superior nuchal line , Nuchal ligament , Spinous processes of C7-T12
INSERTION(S): Lateral third of the clavicle , Acromion process , Scapular spine

A

TRAPEZIUS (FIG. 21.31)
ACTION(S): Extends the neck and head (upper fibers) , Elevates the scapula (upper fibers) , Upwardly rotates the scapula (upper fibers) , Retracts the scapula (middle fibers) , Depresses the scapula (lower fibers) , Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction) , Rotates the head (unilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) , Midcervical nerves

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2
Q

ORIGIN(S): Superior ischial tuberosity,
INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

A

GEMELLUS INFERIOR (SEE FIG. 21.67)
ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the hip
NERVE(S): Sciatic nerve

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3
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral distal third of the fibular shaft, Interosseous membrane,
INSERTION(S): Metatarsal V

A

FIBULARIS TERTIUS (FIG. 21.97)
ACTION(S): Everts the foot, Dorsiflexes the ankle
NERVE(S): Deep fibular nerve

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4
Q

ORIGIN(S): Transverse process of one vertebral segment
INSERTION(S): Spinous process of the first or second vertebral segment above

A

ROTATORES (FIG. 21.126)
ACTION(S): Rotates the vertebral column
NERVE(S): Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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5
Q

Rotation of the Head and Neck

A

Trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenus anterior, Scalenus medius, Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, Rectus capitis posterior major, Oblique capitis inferior

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6
Q

ORIGIN(S): Manubrium of the sternum (sternal head), Medial third of the clavicle (clavicular head)
INSERTION(S): Mastoid process, Superior nuchal line

A

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOR (FIC, 21.112)
ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Rotates the head to the opposite side (unilateral contraction), Flexes the neck (bilateral contraction), Elevates the sternum during forced inhalation (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

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7
Q

ORIGIN(S): Obturator membrane, Superior pubic ramus, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus,
INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

A

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS (SEE FIG. 21.67), LatiNERVE(S): obturare-obstruct externus-outside, ORIGIN(S): Obturator membrane, Superior pubic ramus, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus,
INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter
ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the hip
NERVE(S): Obturator nerve

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8
Q

ORIGIN(S): Transverse processes of T12-L5 (anterior surface), Vertebral bodies of T12-L5, Intervertebral discs of lumbar vertebrae,
INSERTION(S): Lesser trochanter

A

PSOAS MAJOR (FIG. 21.65)
ACTION(S): Flexes the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Flexes the vertebral column (bilateral contraction), Anteriorly tilts the pelvis (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Lumbar plexus

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9
Q

ORIGIN(S): Linea aspera (lateral lip), Gluteal tuberosity,
INSERTION(S): Tibial tuberosity

A

VASTUS LATERALIS (FIG. 21.83)
ACTION(S): Extends the knee
NERVE(S): Femoral nerve

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10
Q

ORIGIN(S): Hamate, Transverse carpal ligament,
INSERTION(S): Metacarpal V

A

OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI (FIG. 21.62)
ACTION(S): Adducts digit V (moves little finger into opposition)
NERVE(S): Ulnar nerve

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11
Q

ORIGIN(S): Maxillae, Mandible
INSERTION(S): Mucous membranes of the lips, Muscles inserting into the lips

A

ORBICULARIS ORIS (FIG. 21.105
ACTION(S): Closes the lips, Protrudes and protracts the lips, Assists in dozens of activities such as eating, drinking, and speaking
NERVE(S): Facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)

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12
Q

ORIGIN(S): Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS),
INSERTION(S): Medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes anserinus)

A

SARTORIUS (FIG. 21.84)
ACTION(S): Flexes the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the hip, Flexes the knee
NERVE(S): Femoral nerve

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13
Q

ORIGIN(S): Medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
INSERTION(S): Mandibular angle (interior surface), Mandibular ramus (interior surface)

A

MEDIAL PTERYGOID (FIG. 21.111
ACTION(S): Excursion or laterally deviates the mandible (unilateral contraction), Elevates the mandible (bilateral contraction), Protracts the mandible (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

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14
Q

Depression of the scapula.

A

Trapezius (lower fibers), Serratus anterior, Pectoralis minor

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15
Q

ORIGIN(S): Anterior fibular shaft (middle region), Interosseous membrane,
INSERTION(S): Distal phalanx of the great toe

A

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS (FIG. 21.94)
ACTION(S): Extends the great toe, Dorsiflexes the ankle
NERVE(S): Deep fibular nerve

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16
Q

ORIGIN(S): Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head), Posterior proximal humeral shaft (lateral head), Posterior distal humeral shaft (medial head),
INSERTION(S): Olecranon process

A

TRICEPS BRACHII (FIG. 21.49)
ACTION(S): Extends the elbow, Extends the humerus, Adducts the humerus
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

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17
Q

Extension of the hip.

A

Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris, Adductor magnus

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18
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus,
INSERTION(S): Posterior base of metacarpal lI

A

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS (FIG. 21.56
ACTION(S): Extends the wrist, Abducts the wrist
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

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19
Q

ORIGIN(S): Iliac fossa,
INSERTION(S): Lesser trochanter

A

ILIACUS (FIG. 21.66)
ACTION(S): Flexes the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Anteriorly tilts the pelvis (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Femoral nerve

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20
Q

ORIGIN(S): Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon,
INSERTION(S): Palmar aponeurosis

A

PALMARIS LONGUS (SEE FIG. 21.54)
ACTION(S): Flexes the wrist, Cups (tenses) the palm
NERVE(S): Median nerve

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21
Q

ORIGIN(S): Proximal half of the lateral tibial shaft, Interosseous membrane
INSERTION(S): Metatarsal I, Medial cuneiform

A

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR (FIG. 21.92)
ACTION(S): Dorsiflexes the ankle, Inverts the foot
NERVE(S): Deep fibular nerve

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22
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon
INSERTION(S): Middle and distal phalanges of digits Il through V

A

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM (SEE FIG. 21.56)
ACTION(S): Extends the wrist, Extends the fingers at the DIP, PIP, and MCP joints
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

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23
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral condyle of femur,
INSERTION(S): Posterior proximal tibial shaft

A

POPLITEUS (FIG. 21.85)
ACTION(S): Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed)
NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

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24
Q

ORIGIN(S): Spinous process of C2
INSERTION(S): INSERTION, Transverse process of C1

A

OBLIQUE CAPITIS INFERIOR (SEE FIG. 21.115)
ACTION(S): Rotates the head
NERVE(S): Suboccipital nerve

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25
Q

ORIGIN(S): Transverse process of one vertebral segment (cervical and thoracic regions)
INSERTION(S): Between superior and inferior nucha lines, Spinous processes of the fifth, sixth, and seventh vertebral segments above (cervical and thoracic regions except C1)

A

MULTIFIDUS (FIG. 21.125)
ACTION(S): Rotates the vertebral column (unilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the vertebral column (unilateral contraction), Extends the vertebral column (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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26
Q

Extension of the shoulder.

A

Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Posterior deltoid, Pectoralis major, Triceps brachii

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27
Q

ORIGIN(S): Medial half of the clavicle, Edge of the sternal body, Ribs 1 through 7 (costal cartilages),
INSERTION(S): Intertubercular groove of the humerus (lateral lip)

A

PECTORALIS MAJOR (FIG. 21.43)
ACTION(S): Adducts the humerus (anteriorly), Internally/medially rotates the humerus, Flexes the humerus, Extends the humerus
NERVE(S): Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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28
Q

ORIGIN(S): L1-L3 , Ribs 6-12 , Xiphoid process of the sternum
INSERTION(S): Central tendon (cloverleaf-shaped aponeurosis)

A

DIAPHRAGM (FIG. 21.131)
ACTION(S): Descends or moves inferiorly during inhalation, which helps move air into the lungs Increases intraabdominal pressure
NERVE(S): Phrenic nerve

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29
Q

ORIGIN(S): Fibular head, Lateral proximal half of the fibular shaft
INSERTION(S): Metatarsal I, Medial cuneiform

A

FIBULARIS LONGUS (FIG 21.95)
ACTION(S): Everts the foot, Plantarflexes the ankle
NERVE(S): Superficial fibular nerve

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30
Q

ORIGIN(S): Distal half of anterior humeral shaft
INSERTION(S): Ulnar tuberosity, Coronoid process of the ulna

A

BRACHIALIS (FIG. 21.47)
ACTION(S): Flexes the elbow
NERVE(S): Musculocutaneous nerve

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31
Q

ORIGIN(S): Obturator membrane, Obturator foramen (interior border),
INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

A

OBTURATOR INTERNUS (SEE FIG. 21.67)
ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the hip
NERVE(S): Sciatic nerve

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32
Q

ORIGIN(S): Proximal three-fourths of the anterior ulnar shaft, Interosseous membrane
INSERTION(S): Distal phalanges of digits ll through V

A

FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS (FIG. 21.55)
ACTION(S): Flexes the wrist, Flexes the fingers at the distal interphalangeal (DIP), PIP, and MCP joints
NERVE(S): Ulnar nerve, Median nerve

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33
Q

ORIGIN(S): Anterior pubic body,
INSERTION(S): Middle third of the linea aspera (medial lip)

A

ADDUCTOR LONGUS (FIG. 21.76
ACTION(S): Adducts the hip
NERVE(S): Obturator nerve

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34
Q

ORIGIN(S): Anterior radial shaft—middle region (longus), Interosseous membrane (longus), Trapezium (brevis), Transverse carpal ligament (brevis)
INSERTION(S): Anterior distal phalanx of the thumb (longus), Proximal phalanx of the thumb (brevis)

A

FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS (SEE FIG. 21.57) AND BREVIS
ACTION(S): Flexes the thumb
NERVE(S): Median nerve (longus), Median and ulnar nerves (brevis)

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35
Q

ORIGIN(S): Superior posterior third of the fibular shaft, Soleal line of the tibia,
INSERTION(S): Calcaneus via the Achilles tendon

A

SOLEUS (FIG. 21.100), LatiNERVE(S): solea-sole of the foot or sandal, ORIGIN(S): Superior posterior third of the fibular shaft, Soleal line of the tibia,
INSERTION(S): Calcaneus via the Achilles tendon, ACTION, Plantarflexes the ankle
NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

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36
Q

ORIGIN(S): Subscapular fossa of the scapula,
INSERTION(S): Lesser tubercle of the humerus

A

SUBSCAPULARIS (FIG. 21.41
ACTION(S): Internally/medially rotates the humerus
NERVE(S): Subscapular nerve

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37
Q

ORIGIN(S): Coracoid process of the scapula,
INSERTION(S): Medial humeral shaft (middle region)

A

CORACOBRACHIALIS (FIG. 21.44)
ACTION(S): Flexes the humerus, Adducts the humerus
NERVE(S): Musculocutaneous nerve

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38
Q

ORIGIN(S): Ischial tuberosity,
INSERTION(S): Medial condyle of the tibia

A

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS (FIG. 21.87)
ACTION(S): Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed), Extends the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

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39
Q

Protraction of the Mandible.

A

Masseter, Lateral pterygoid, Medial pterygoid

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40
Q

ORIGIN(S): Spinous processes of T11-L2
INSERTION(S): Ribs 9-12 (posterior surface)

A

SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR (SEE FIG, 21.134)
ACTION(S): Depresses the ribs during exhalation
NERVE(S): Intercostal nerves (T9-T12)

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41
Q

ORIGIN(S): Ribs 5-12 (anterior lateral surface)
INSERTION(S): Anterior iliac crest, Aponeurosis of rectus sheath, Pubic crest

A

EXTERNAL OBLIQUES (FIC 41 118)
ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the vertebral column, Rotates the vertebral column, Flexes the vertebral column, Compresses abdominal contents, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
NERVE(S): Anterior rami of intercostal nerves (T7-T12)

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42
Q

Rotation of the trunk and vertical column

A

External obliques, Internal obliques, Transversospinalis

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43
Q

ORIGIN(S): Transverse processes of C3-C6 (anterior surface)
INSERTION(S): Rib 1 (superior surface)

A

SCALENUS ANTERIOR (SEE FIG 21.113)
ACTION(S): Flexes the neck (bilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Rotates the head (unilateral contraction), Elevates the first rib during forced inhalation (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Anterior rami of the cervical nerves

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44
Q

Flexion of the trunk and vertical column

A

Psoas major, Rectus abdominis, External obliques, Internal obliques

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45
Q

Extension of the trunk and vertical column

A

Quadratus lumborum, Semispinalis, Multifidus, Erector spinae

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46
Q

ORIGIN(S): Zygomatic arch
INSERTION(S): Mandibular angle (superficial head), Mandibular ramus (deep head)

A

MASSETER (FIG. 21.109)
ACTION(S): Elevates the mandible, Protracts the mandible
NERVE(S): Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

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47
Q

ORIGIN(S): Spinous process of C2
INSERTION(S): Lateral inferior nuchal line

A

RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR (SEE FIG. 21.115)
ACTION(S): Extends the head, Rotates the head
NERVE(S): Suboccipital nerve

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48
Q

ORIGIN(S): Ischial spine,
INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

A

GEMELLUS SUPERIOR (SEE FIG. 21.67)
ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the hip
NERVE(S): Sciatic nerve

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49
Q

ORIGIN(S): Inferior third of the lateral border of the scapula,
INSERTION(S): Intertubercular groove of the humerus (medial lip)

A

TERES MAJOR (FIG. 21.37)
ACTION(S): Extends the humerus, Internally/medially rotates the humerus, Adducts the humerus
NERVE(S): Lower subscapular nerve

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50
Q

ORIGIN(S): Linea aspera (medial lip), Intertrochanteric line,
INSERTION(S): Tibial tuberosity

A

VASTUS MEDIALIS (FIG. 21.82)
ACTION(S): Extends the knee
NERVE(S): Femoral nerve

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51
Q

Abduction of the wrist.

A

Flexor carpi radialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis

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52
Q

ORIGIN(S): Inferior pubic ramus,
INSERTION(S): Medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes anserinus)

A

GRACILIS (FIG. 21.74)
ACTION(S): Adducts the hip, Flexes the hip, Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed)
NERVE(S): Obturator nerve

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53
Q

Flexion of the hip.

A

Psoas major, Iliacus, Tensor fasciae latae, Rectus femoris, Sartorius, Gracilis, Adductor magnus, Pectineus

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54
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
INSERTION(S): Olecranon process, Superior eighth of the posterior ulnar shaft

A

ANCONEUS (FIG. 21.50)
ACTION(S): Extends the elbow - Locks out the elbow
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

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55
Q

ORIGIN(S): Superficial fascia of the deltoid, Superficial fascia of pectoralis major
INSERTION(S): Mandible, Muscles around the angle of the mouth, Superficial fascia of the lower face

A

PLATYSMA (FIG. 21.106)
ACTION(S): Tenses the skin of the anterior neck (creating ridges), Pulls the corner of the mouth downward and backward, Depresses the mandible
NERVE(S): Facial nerve (cranial nerve VIl)

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56
Q

ORIGIN(S): Trapezium, Transverse carpal ligament,
INSERTION(S): Anterior metacarpal l

A

OPPONENS POLLICIS (FIG. 21.59
ACTION(S): Opposes the thumb (adduction), Flexes the thumb
NERVE(S): Median nerve

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57
Q

ORIGIN(S): Infraspinous fossa of the scapula,
INSERTION(S): Greater tubercle of the humerus

A

INFRASPINATUS (FIG. 21.40)
ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the humerus
NERVE(S): Suprascapular nerve

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58
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus,
INSERTION(S): Styloid process of the radius

A

BRACHIORADIALIS (FIG. 21.48)
ACTION(S): Flexes the elbow
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

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59
Q

Flexion of the shoulder.

A

Pectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid, Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii

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60
Q

ORIGIN(S): Inferior pubic ramus,
INSERTION(S): Proximal third of the linea aspera (medial lip)

A

ADDUCTOR BREVIS (FIG. 21.77)
ACTION(S): Adducts the hip
NERVE(S): Obturator nerve

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61
Q

Retraction of the Mandible.

A

Temporalis

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62
Q

Extension of the elbow.

A

Triceps brachii, Anconeus

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63
Q

Flexion of the elbow.

A

Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis

64
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone, Greater wing of the sphenoid bone (lateral portion)
INSERTION(S): Condylar process of the mandible Temporomandibular joint capsule

A

LATERAL PTERYGOID (FIG. 21.110)
ACTION(S): Excursion or laterally deviates the mandible (unilateral contraction), Depresses the mandible (bilateral contraction), Protracts the mandible (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

65
Q

ORIGIN(S): Ischial tuberosity,
INSERTION(S): Medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes anserinus)

A

SEMITENDINOSUS (FIG. 21.88)
ACTION(S): Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed), Extends the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

66
Q

ORIGIN(S): Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon, Coronoid process of the ulna,
INSERTION(S): Midlateral radial shaft

A

PRONATOR TERES (FIG. 21.51)
ACTION(S): Pronates the forearm, Flexes the elbow
NERVE(S): Median nerve

67
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon,
INSERTION(S): Posterior base of metacarpal Ill

A

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS (SEE FIG. 21.56)
ACTION(S): Extends the wrist, Abducts the wrist
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

68
Q

Adduction of the wrist.

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi ulnaris

69
Q

Flexion of the knee.

A

Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris, Sartorius, Gracilis, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Popliteus

70
Q

ORIGIN(S): Hook of hamate, Transverse carpal ligament,
INSERTION(S): Proximal phalanx of digit V

A

FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI (FIG. 21.61)
ACTION(S): Flexes digit V (little finger)
NERVE(S): Ulnar nerve

71
Q

ORIGIN(S): Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon
INSERTION(S): Bases of metacarpals Il and III

A

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS (FIG. 21.54
ACTION(S): Flexes the wrist, Abducts the wrist, Flexes the elbow
NERVE(S): Median nerve

72
Q

Dorsiflexion of the foot and ankle.

A

Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Fibularis tertius, Extensor digitorum longus

73
Q

ORIGIN(S): Ribs 7-12 (costal cartilage inner surface), Iliac crest, Aponeurosis of rectus sheath, Thoracolumbar aponeurosis, Inguinal ligament
INSERTION(S): Abdominal aponeurosis

A

TRANSVERSE ABDOMINALS, ACTION, Compresses abdominal contents
NERVE(S): Anterior rami of intercostal nerves

74
Q

Say Grace before Tea

A

PES ANSERINUS (FIG. 21.90)

75
Q

ORIGIN(S): Orbital margin
INSERTION(S): Superficial fascia beneath the upper eyelids

A

ORBICULARIS OCULI (FIG. 21.104)
ACTION(S): Closes the eyelids, Folds the skin around the orbit (to protect eyeball), Squints the eyelids
NERVE(S): Facial nerve (cranial nerve VIl)

76
Q

ORIGIN(S): Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head), Coracoid process of the scapula (short head)
INSERTION(S): Radial tuberosity, Bicipital aponeurosis

A

BICEPS BRACHII (FIG. 21.46)
ACTION(S): Flexes the elbow, Supinates the forearm, Flexes the humerus
NERVE(S): Musculocutaneous nerve

77
Q

ORIGIN(S): Superior two-thirds of the lateral border of the scapula,
INSERTION(S): Greater tubercle of the humerus

A

TERES MINOR (SEE FIG. 21.40)
ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the humerus, Adducts the humerus
NERVE(S): Axillary nerve

78
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, Proximal eighth of the ulnar shaft, Radial collateral ligament, Annular ligament,
INSERTION(S): Proximal lateral radial shaft

A

SUPINATOR (FIG. 21.52)
ACTION(S): Supinates the forearm
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

79
Q

ORIGIN(S): Nuchal ligament (level of C3), Spinous processes of C7-T4
INSERTION(S): Mastoid process, Superior nuchal line-lateral region

A

SPLENIUS CAPITIS (FIG. 21.114)
ACTION(S): Rotates the head (unilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Extends the head (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Posterior rami of the middle cervical nerves

80
Q

ORIGIN(S): Inferior pubic ramus,
INSERTION(S): Proximal third of the linea aspera (medial lip)

A

ADDUCTOR BREVIS (FIG. 21.77)
ACTION(S): Adducts the hip
NERVE(S): Obturator nerve

81
Q

ORIGIN(S): Anterior sacrum,
INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

A

PIRIFORMIS (SEE FIG. 21.67)
ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the hip
NERVE(S): Sciatic nerve

82
Q

Flexion of the wrist.

A

Flexor carpi radialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris, Palmaris longus, Flexor digitorum superficialis, Flexor digitorum profundus

83
Q

Protraction of the scapula.

A

Serratus anterior , Pectoralis minor

84
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral two-thirds of the superior nuchal line (occipitalis), Galea aponeurotica (frontalis)
INSERTION(S): Galea aponeurotica (occipitalis), Superficial fascia beneath the eyebrows (frontalis)

A

OCCIPITOFRONTALIS (FIG. 21.103)
ACTION(S): Moves the scalp over the cranium (occipitalis), Elevates the eyebrows (frontalis), Horizontally wrinkles the skin over the forehead (frontalis)
NERVE(S): Facial nerve (cranial nerve VI)

85
Q

ORIGIN(S): Anterior iliac crest, Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS),
INSERTION(S): lliotibial band (TB)

A

TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE (FIG. 21.72)
ACTION(S): Abducts the hip, Flexes the hip, Internally/medially rotates the hip
NERVE(S): Superior gluteal nerve

86
Q

Inversion of the foot and ankle.

A

Tibialis anterior, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus

87
Q

ORIGIN, Posterior iliac crest
INSERTION(S): Rib 12 (inferior surface), Transverse processes of L1-L4

A

QUADRATUS LUMBORUM (FIG. 21.121)
ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the vertebral column (unilateral contraction), Elevates the hip (unilateral contraction), Extends the lumbar spine (bilateral contraction), Anteriorly tilts the pelvis (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Lumbar plexus

88
Q

ORIGIN(S): Spinous processes of T7-L5, Ribs 9 through 12 (posterior surface), Posterior iliac crest, Posterior sacrum,
INSERTION(S): Intertubercular groove of the humerus (medial lip)

A

LATISSIMUS DORSI (FIG. 21.36)
ACTION(S): Extends the humerus, Internally/medially rotates the humerus, Adducts the humerus (posteriorly)
NERVE(S): Thoracodorsal nerve

89
Q

ORIGIN(S): Transverse process of C1
INSERTION(S): Inferior nuchal line

A

OBLIQUE CAPITIS SUPERIOR (SEE FIG 21.115)
ACTION(S): Extends the head, Laterally flexes the head
NERVE(S): Suboccipital nerve

90
Q

ORIGIN(S): Medial epicondyle of the femur (medial head), Lateral epicondyle of the femur (lateral head),
INSERTION(S): Calcaneus via the Achilles tendon

A

GASTROCNEMIUS (FIG. 21.98)
ACTION(S): Plantarflexes the ankle, Flexes the knee
NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

91
Q

ORIGIN(S): Temporal fossa
INSERTION(S): Coronoid process

A

TEMPORALIS (FIG. 21.108)
ACTION(S): Elevates the mandible, Retracts the mandible
NERVE(S): Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

92
Q

ORIGIN(S): Spinous processes of C7-T1 (minor) , Spinous processes of T2-T5 (major)
INSERTION(S): Medial border of the scapula below the superior angle to the root of the scapular spine (minor) , Medial border of the scapula from the root of the scapular spine to the inferior angle (major)

A

RHOMBOID MAJOR AND MINOR (SEE FIG. 21.32)
ACTION(S): Retracts the scapula , Downwardly rotates the scapula , NERVE , Dorsal scapular nerve

93
Q

Extension of the Head and Neck

A

Trapezius, Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, Rectus capitis posterior major Rectus capitis posterior minor, Oblique capitis superior, Longissimus

94
Q

ORIGIN(S): Posterior tubercle of C1
INSERTION(S): Medial inferior nuchal line

A

RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR (SEE FIG. 21.115)
ACTION(S): Extends the head
NERVE(S): Suboccipital nerve

95
Q

Upward Rotation of the scapula.

A

Trapezius (upper fibers) , Serratus anterior

96
Q

Supination of the elbow.

A

Biceps brachii, Supinator

97
Q

ORIGIN(S): Ischial tuberosity (long head), Sacrotuberous ligament (long head), Linea aspera; lower lateral lip (short head),
INSERTION(S): Fibular head

A

BICEPS FEMORIS (FIG. 21.89)
ACTION(S): Flexes the knee, Externally/laterally rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed), Extends the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
NERVE(S): Tibial nerve (long head), Common fibular/peroneal nerve (short head)

98
Q

ORIGIN(S): Ribs 3 through 5 (lateral to costal cartilage)
INSERTION(S): Coracoid process of the scapula

A

PECTORALIS MINOR (FIG. 21.34)
ACTION(S): Depresses the scapula , Protracts the scapula , Downwardly rotates the scapula , Assists in forced inhalation (elevates ribs)
NERVE(S): Medial pectoral nerves (C8 and T1)

99
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral distal half of the fibular shaft,
INSERTION(S): Metatarsal V

A

FIBULARIS BREVIS (FIG. 21.96)
ACTION(S): Everts the foot, Plantarflexes the ankle
NERVE(S): Superficial fibular nerve

100
Q

ORIGIN(S): External ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines,
INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

A

GLUTEUS MINIMUS (FIG. 21.71)
ACTION(S): Abducts the hip, Internally/medially rotates the hip (anterior fibers), Externally/laterally rotates the hip (posterior fibers), Anteriorly and posteriorly tilts the pelvis
NERVE(S): Superior gluteal nerve

101
Q

ORIGIN(S): External ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines,
INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

A

GLUTEUS MEDIUS (FIG. 21.70)
ACTION(S): Abducts the hip, Internally/medially rotates the hip (anterior fibers), Externally/laterally rotates the hip (posterior fibers), Anteriorly and posteriorly tilts the pelvis
NERVE(S): Superior gluteal nerve

102
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral third of the clavicle -anterior
Acromion process - middle
Scapular spine— posterior
INSERTION(S): Deltoid tuberosity

A

DELTOID (FIG. 21.42), Greek: delta —triangular, ORIGIN(S): Lateral third of the clavicle -anterior, Acromion process - migdle, Scapular spine— posterior,
INSERTION(S): Deltoid tuberosity
ACTION(S): Flexes the humerus, Internally/medially rotates the humerus (anterior fibers)
Abducts the humerus (middle fibers)
Extends the humerus, Externally/laterally rotates the humerus (posterior fibers)
NERVE(S): Axillary nerve

103
Q

ORIGIN(S): Inferior border of rib (above)
INSERTION(S): Superior border of rib (below)

A

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS (FIG. 21.132)
ACTION(S): Elevates the ribcage during inhalation, Maintains the intercostal spaces
NERVE(S): Intercostal nerves

104
Q

Plantar Flexion of the foot and ankle.

A

Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus

105
Q

ORIGIN(S): Posterior sacrum, Transverse processes of T1-T5 and L1-L5, Transverse processes of C5-C7
INSERTION(S): Mastoid process, Transverse processes of C2-T12, Ribs 4-12 (posterior surface)

A

LONGISSIMUS (FIG. 21.128)
ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the vertebral column (unilateral contraction), Extends the vertebral column (bilateral contraction), Extends the head (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Posterior rami of lumbar, thoracic, and lower cervical spinal nerves

106
Q

ORIGIN(S): Posterior tibial shaft—middle region
INSERTION(S): Distal phalanges of digits I| through V (plantar surface)

A

FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS (SEE FIG. 21.101
ACTION(S): Flexes digits Il through V at the DIP, PIP, and MTP joints, Plantarflexes the ankle, Inverts the foot
NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

107
Q

Eversion of the foot and ankle.

A

Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis, Fibularis tertius, Extensor digitorum longus

108
Q

Extension of the wrist.

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor digitorum

109
Q

(lateral) Rotation of the hip.

A

Psoas major lliacus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris, Gluteus maximus, Sartorius

110
Q

ORIGIN(S): Supraspinous fossa of the scapula,
INSERTION(S): Greater tubercle of the humerus

A

SUPRASPINATUS (FIG. 21.39)
ACTION(S): Abducts the humerus
NERVE(S): Suprascapular nerve

111
Q

Flexion of the Head and Neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenus anterior, Scalenus medius

112
Q

Abduction of the shoulder.

A

Supraspinatus, Middle deltoid

113
Q

ORIGIN(S): Posterior ulnar shaft—middle region (longus), Posterior radial shaft-distal region (brevis), Interosseous membrane (brevis and longus)
INSERTION(S): Posterior distal phalanx of the thumb (longus), Posterolateral proximal phalanx of the thumb (brevis)

A

EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS AND BREVIS
ACTION(S): Extends the thumb (digit l)
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

114
Q

Extension of the knee.

A

Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius

115
Q

ORIGIN(S): Iliac crest (anterior portion), Thoracolumbar fascia, Aponeurosis of rectus sheath, Inguinal ligament (lateral half)
INSERTION(S): Ribs 9-12 (anterior lateral surface)

A

INTERNAL OBLIQUES (FIG. 21.119)
ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the vertebral column, Rotates the vertebral column, Flexes the vertebral column, Compresses abdominal contents, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
NERVE(S): Anterior rami of the intercostal nerves

116
Q

Excursion of the Mandible.

A

Lateral pterygoid, Medial pterygoid

117
Q

Elevation of the Mandible.

A

Temporalis, Masseter, Medial pterygoid

118
Q

Abduction of the hip.

A

Piriformis, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae, Sartorius, Gluteus maximus

119
Q

ORIGIN(S): Anterior distal quarter of the ulnar shaft,
INSERTION(S): Anterior distal quarter of the radial shaft

A

PRONATOR QUADRATUS (SEE FIG. 21.51)
ACTION(S): Pronates the forearm
NERVE(S): Median nerve

120
Q

ORIGIN(S): Posterior sacrum, Posterior coccyx, Posterior iliac crest, External ilium to the posterior gluteal line
INSERTION(S): Gluteal tuberosity (25% of fibers), Iliotibial band (75% of fibers)

A

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS (FIG. 21.69)
ACTION(S): Extends the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
NERVE(S): Inferior gluteal nerve

121
Q

Medial Rotation of the shoulder.

A

Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Subscapularis, Anterior deltoid, Pectoralis major

122
Q

ORIGIN(S): Transverse processes of C5-C7 (posterior surface)
INSERTION(S): Rib 2 (superior lateral surface)

A

CALENUS POSTERIOR (SEE FIG 21.113)
ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Elevates the second rib during forced inhalation (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Anterior rami of cervical nerves

123
Q

ORIGIN(S): Pubic symphysis, Pubic tubercle
INSERTION(S): Ribs 5-7 (costal cartilage anterior surface), Xiphoid process

A

RECTUS ABDOMINIS (FIG. 21.117)
ACTION(S): Flexes the vertebral column, Laterally flexes the vertebral column, Compresses abdominal contents, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
NERVE(S): Anterior rami of intercostal nerves (T7-T12)

124
Q

ORIGIN(S): Anterior lateral femoral shaft,
INSERTION(S): Tibial tuberosity

A

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS (FIG. 21.81)
ACTION(S): Extends the knee
NERVE(S): Femoral nerve

125
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon,
INSERTION(S): Metacarpal V

A

EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS (SEE FIG. 21.56)
ACTION(S): Extends the wrist, Adducts the wrist
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

126
Q

Adduction of the shoulder.

A

Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Teres minor, Pectoralis major, Coracobrachialis, Triceps brachii

127
Q

External (lateral) Rotation of the shoulder.

A

infraspinatus, Teres minor, Posterior deltoid

128
Q

ORIGIN(S): Ischial tuberosity, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus
INSERTION(S): Linea aspera (medial lip), Adductor tubercle of the femur

A

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (FIG. 21.75
ACTION(S): Adducts the hip, Flexes the hip, Extends the hip
NERVE(S): Sciatic and obturator nerves

129
Q

ORIGIN(S): Posterior ulnar and radial shaft-middle region (longus), Interosseous membrane (longus), Trapezium (brevis), Scaphoid (brevis), Transverse carpal ligament (brevis)
INSERTION(S): Lateral metacarpal I (longus), Lateral proximal phalanx of the thumb (brevis)

A

ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS (SEE FIG. 21.57) AND BREVIS (FIG. 21.60)
ACTION(S): Abducts the thumb (longus and brevis)
NERVE(S): Radial nerve (longus), Median nerve (brevis)

130
Q

ORIGIN(S): Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon, Medial olecranon, Posterior proximal two thirds of the ulna
INSERTION(S): Base of metacarpal V, Pisiform, Hook of hamate

A

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS (SEE FIG. 21.54)
ACTION(S): Flexes the wrist, Adducts the wrist
NERVE(S): Ulnar nerve

131
Q

ORIGIN(S): Spinous processes of C7-T3
INSERTION(S): Ribs 2-5 (posterior surface)

A

SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR (FIG. 21.134)
ACTION(S): Elevates the ribs during inhalation
NERVE(S): Intercostal nerves

132
Q

ORIGIN(S): Transverse processes of C2-C7 (posterior surface)
INSERTION(S): Rib 1 (superior surface)

A

SCALENUS MEDIUS SECTS 21.113)
ACTION(S): Flexes the neck (bilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Rotates the head (unilateral contraction), Elevates the first rib during forced inhalation (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Anterior rami of the cervical nerves

133
Q

Elevation of the scapula

A

Trapezius (upper fibers), Levator scapulae

134
Q

Pronation of the elbow.

A

Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus

135
Q

ORIGIN(S): Pisiform, Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris,
INSERTION(S): Proximal phalanx of digit V (little finger)

A

ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (SEE FIG. 21.57)
ACTION(S): Abducts digit V (little finger)
NERVE(S): Ulnar nerve

136
Q

ORIGIN(S): Spinous processes of T3-T6
INSERTION(S): Transverse processes of C1-C3

A

SPLENIUS CERVICIS (SEE FIG. 21.114)
ACTION(S): Rotates the head (unilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Extends the head (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Posterior rami of the lower cervical nerves

137
Q

Adduction of the hip.

A

Adductor magnus, Gracilis, Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, Pectineus, Quadratus femoris

138
Q

ORIGIN(S): Posterior distal ulnar shaft, Interosseous membrane
INSERTION(S): Middle and distal phalanges of the index finger (digit Il)

A

EXTENSOR INDICIS (FIG. 21.57)
ACTION(S): Extends the index finger (digit Il)
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

139
Q

Lateral Flexion of the Head and Neck

A

Trapezius, Levator scapulae, Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes, Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, Oblique capitis superior

140
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral ischial tuberosity,
INSERTION(S): Intertrochanteric crest

A

QUADRATUS FEMORIS (SEE FIG. 21.67)
ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Adducts the hip
NERVE(S): Sciatic nerve

141
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon
INSERTION(S): Posterior middle and distal phalanges of digit V via the tendon of the extensor digitorum

A

EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI (SEE FIG. 21.56)
ACTION(S): Extends the little finger (digit V)
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

142
Q

Retraction of the scapula.

A

Trapezius (middle fibers) , Rhomboids

143
Q

Downward Rotation of the scapula.

A

Levator scapulae, Rhomboids, Pectoralis minor

144
Q

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the femur,
INSERTION(S): Calcaneus via the Achilles tendon (distal portion)

A

PLANTARIS (FIG. 21.99), LatiNERVE(S): planta-sole, ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the femur,
INSERTION(S): Calcaneus via the Achilles tendon (distal portion)
ACTION(S): Plantarflexes the ankle, Flexes the knee
NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

145
Q

Depression of the Mandible.

A

Lateral pterygoid, Platysma

146
Q

ORIGIN(S): Posterior tibial shaft, Posterior fibular shaft, Interosseous membrane
INSERTION(S): Plantar surfaces of most tarsals (navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, and calcaneus), Bases of metatarsals II, Ill, and IV

A

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR (FIG. 21.101)
ACTION(S): Inverts the foot, Plantarflexes the ankle
NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

147
Q

ORIGIN(S): Transverse process of one vertebral segment
INSERTION(S): Spinous process of the first or second vertebral segment above

A

SPINALIS (FIG. 21.127)
ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the vertebral column (unilateral contraction), Extends the vertebral column (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Posterior rami of thoracic and lower cervical spinal nerves

148
Q

ORIGIN(S): Fibular head (longus), Proximal two-thirds of the anterior fibular shaft (longus), Lateral condyle of the tibia (longus), Anterior surface of the interosseous membrane (longus), Calcaneus (brevis)
INSERTION(S): Middle phalanges of digits Il through V (longus), Distal phalanges of digits Il through V (longus), Tendons of extensor digitorum longus to digits Il through IV (brevis)

A

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS AND BREVIS (FIG. 21.93)
ACTION(S): Extends digits Il through V (longus), Dorsiflexes the ankle (longus), Everts the foot (longus), Extends digits Il through IV (brevis)
NERVE(S): Deep fibular nerve (longus and brevis)

149
Q

ORIGIN(S): Posterior iliac crest, Posterior sacrum, Ribs 3-12 (posterior surface)
INSERTION(S): Ribs 1-12 (posterior surface), Transverse processes of C4-C7

A

ILIOCOSTALIS (FIG. 21.129
ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the vertebral column (unilateral contraction), Extends the vertebral column (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Posterior rami of upper lumbar, thoracic, and lower cervical spinal nerves

150
Q

ORIGIN(S): Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon, Anterior proximal radial shaft, Coronoid process of the ulna
INSERTION(S): Middle phalanges of digits Il through V

A

FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS (SEE FIG. 21.54)
ACTION(S): Flexes the wrist, Flexes the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) j
NERVE(S): Median nerve

151
Q

Lateral Flexion of the trunk and vertical column

A

Rectus alodominis, External obliques, Internal obliques, Quadratus lumborum, Semispinalis, Multifidus, Erector spinae

152
Q

ORIGIN(S): Anterior inferior iliac spine (AllS), External ilium just superior to the acetabulum,
INSERTION(S): Tibial tuberosity

A

RECTUS FEMORIS (FIG. 21.80)
ACTION(S): Flexes the hip, Extends the knee, Anteriorly tilts the pelvis
NERVE(S): Femoral nerve

153
Q

Internal (medial) Rotation of the hip.

A

Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae

154
Q

ORIGIN(S): Transverse processes of C1-C4
INSERTION(S): Medial border of the scapula (from superior angle to root of spine)

A

LEVATOR SCAPULAE (FIG. 21.32)
ACTION(S): Elevates the scapula , Downwardly rotates the scapula , Laterally flexes the neck
NERVE(S): Dorsal scapular nerve , Midcervical nerves

155
Q

ORIGIN(S): Ribs 1 through 8 or 9 (lateral to costal cartilage exterior surface of the ribs)
INSERTION(S): Medial border of the scapula (anterior aspect)

A

SERRATUS ANTERIOR (FIG. 21.33)
ACTION(S): Protracts the scapula , Upwardly rotates the scapula , Depresses the scapula
NERVE(S): Long thoracic nerve

156
Q

ORIGIN(S): Superior border of rib (below)
INSERTION(S): Inferior border of rib (above)

A

INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS (FIG, 21.133)
ACTION(S): Depresses the ribcage during exhalation (forced), Maintains the intercostal spaces
NERVE(S): Intercostal nerves

157
Q

ORIGIN(S): Posterior fibular shaft —middle region, Interosseous membrane
INSERTION(S): Distal phalanx of the great toe (plantar surface)

A

FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS (SEE FIG. 21.101)
ACTION(S): Hexes the great toe, Plantarflexes the ankle, Inverts the foot, Supports the longitudinal arch
NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

LIMT (12 decks)

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