Muscles of the Head and Neck Flashcards
O: Lateral two-thirds of the superior nuchal line (occipitalis), Galea aponeurotica (frontalis)
I: Galea aponeurotica (occipitalis), Superficial fascia beneath the eyebrows (frontalis)
OCCIPITOFRONTALIS (FIG. 21.103)
A: Moves the scalp over the cranium (occipitalis), Elevates the eyebrows (frontalis), Horizontally wrinkles the skin over the forehead (frontalis)
N: Facial nerve (cranial nerve VI)
O: Orbital margin
I: Superficial fascia beneath the upper eyelids
ORBICULARIS OCULI (FIG. 21.104)
A: Closes the eyelids, Folds the skin around the orbit (to protect eyeball), Squints the eyelids
N: Facial nerve (cranial nerve VIl)
O: Maxillae, Mandible
I: Mucous membranes of the lips, Muscles inserting into the lips
ORBICULARIS ORIS (FIG. 21.105
A: Closes the lips, Protrudes and protracts the lips, Assists in dozens of activities such as eating, drinking, and speaking
N: Facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)
O: Superficial fascia of the deltoid, Superficial fascia of pectoralis major
I: Mandible, Muscles around the angle of the mouth, Superficial fascia of the lower face
PLATYSMA (FIG. 21.106)
A: Tenses the skin of the anterior neck (creating ridges), Pulls the corner of the mouth downward and backward, Depresses the mandible
N: Facial nerve (cranial nerve VIl)
O: Temporal fossa
I: Coronoid process
TEMPORALIS (FIG. 21.108)
A: Elevates the mandible, Retracts the mandible
N: Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)
O: Zygomatic arch
I: Mandibular angle (superficial head), Mandibular ramus (deep head)
MASSETER (FIG. 21.109)
A: Elevates the mandible, Protracts the mandible
N: Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)
O: Lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone, Greater wing of the sphenoid bone (lateral portion)
I: Condylar process of the mandible Temporomandibular joint capsule
LATERAL PTERYGOID (FIG. 21.110)
A: Excursion or laterally deviates the mandible (unilateral contraction), Depresses the mandible (bilateral contraction), Protracts the mandible (bilateral contraction)
N: Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)
O: Medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
I: Mandibular angle (interior surface), Mandibular ramus (interior surface)
MEDIAL PTERYGOID (FIG. 21.111
A: Excursion or laterally deviates the mandible (unilateral contraction), Elevates the mandible (bilateral contraction), Protracts the mandible (bilateral contraction)
N: Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)
O: Manubrium of the sternum (sternal head), Medial third of the clavicle (clavicular head)
I: Mastoid process, Superior nuchal line
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOR (FIC, 21.112)
A: Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Rotates the head to the opposite side (unilateral contraction), Flexes the neck (bilateral contraction), Elevates the sternum during forced inhalation (bilateral contraction)
N: Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)
O: Transverse processes of C3-C6 (anterior surface)
I: Rib 1 (superior surface)
SCALENUS ANTERIOR (SEE FIG 21.113)
A: Flexes the neck (bilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Rotates the head (unilateral contraction), Elevates the first rib during forced inhalation (bilateral contraction)
N: Anterior rami of the cervical nerves
O: Transverse processes of C2-C7 (posterior surface)
I: Rib 1 (superior surface)
SCALENUS MEDIUS SECTS 21.113)
A: Flexes the neck (bilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Rotates the head (unilateral contraction), Elevates the first rib during forced inhalation (bilateral contraction)
N: Anterior rami of the cervical nerves
O: Transverse processes of C5-C7 (posterior surface)
I: Rib 2 (superior lateral surface)
CALENUS POSTERIOR (SEE FIG 21.113)
A: Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Elevates the second rib during forced inhalation (bilateral contraction)
N: Anterior rami of cervical nerves
O: Nuchal ligament (level of C3), Spinous processes of C7-T4
I: Mastoid process, Superior nuchal line-lateral region
SPLENIUS CAPITIS (FIG. 21.114)
A: Rotates the head (unilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Extends the head (bilateral contraction)
N: Posterior rami of the middle cervical nerves
O: Spinous processes of T3-T6
I: Transverse processes of C1-C3
SPLENIUS CERVICIS (SEE FIG. 21.114)
A: Rotates the head (unilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Extends the head (bilateral contraction)
N: Posterior rami of the lower cervical nerves
O: Spinous process of C2
I: Lateral inferior nuchal line
RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR (SEE FIG. 21.115)
A: Extends the head, Rotates the head
N: Suboccipital nerve
O: Posterior tubercle of C1
I: Medial inferior nuchal line
RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR (SEE FIG. 21.115)
A: Extends the head
N: Suboccipital nerve
O: Transverse process of C1
I: Inferior nuchal line
OBLIQUE CAPITIS SUPERIOR (SEE FIG 21.115)
A: Extends the head, Laterally flexes the head
N: Suboccipital nerve
O: Spinous process of C2
I: INSERTION, Transverse process of C1
OBLIQUE CAPITIS INFERIOR (SEE FIG. 21.115)
A: Rotates the head
N: Suboccipital nerve
Elevation of the Mandible.
Temporalis, Masseter, Medial pterygoid
Depression of the Mandible.
Lateral pterygoid, Platysma
Protraction of the Mandible.
Masseter, Lateral pterygoid, Medial pterygoid
Retraction of the Mandible.
Temporalis
Excursion of the Mandible.
Lateral pterygoid, Medial pterygoid
Flexion of the Head and Neck
Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenus anterior, Scalenus medius
Extension of the Head and Neck
Trapezius, Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, Rectus capitis posterior major Rectus capitis posterior minor, Oblique capitis superior, Longissimus
Lateral Flexion of the Head and Neck
Trapezius, Levator scapulae, Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes, Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, Oblique capitis superior
Rotation of the Head and Neck
Trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenus anterior, Scalenus medius, Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, Rectus capitis posterior major, Oblique capitis inferior
