Muscles of the head, neck, thorax and abdomen

Question 1

What are the muscles involved in facial expression located in the head region?

Answer 1

Zygomatic major & minor muscle, orbicularis oris, depressor anguli oris,

Question 2

What is the function of orbicularis oculi?

Answer 2

Closes the eye, assists with blinking and squinting, protects the eye from light

Question 3

Which cranial nerve innervates orbicularis oculi?

Answer 3

Facial nerve - cranial nerve number 7

Question 4

What is the role of zygomaticus major?

Answer 4

Raises the corners of the mouth to smile

Question 5

Where does zygomaticus major originate and insert?

Answer 5

Originates from the zygomatic bone and inserts at the corner of the mouth

Question 6

What is the function of risorius?

Answer 6

Draws the corner of the lip laterally and assists with smiling

Question 7

What type of muscle is orbicularis oris?

Answer 7

Circular sphincter muscle associated with the lips

Question 8

What is the primary function of the buccinator?

Answer 8

Compresses the cheek during sucking or whistling and holds teeth together for chewing

Question 9

What is the origin and insertion of temporalis?

Answer 9

Originates on the temporal fossa and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible

Question 10

What is the main function of the masseter muscle?

Answer 10

Elevates the mandible and is the prime mover for closing the jaw

Question 11

Which muscle is the prime mover of head flexion?

Answer 11

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 12

What are the actions of the scalene muscles?

Answer 12

Assist in lateral flexion of the neck and elevate the first and second rib during breathing

Question 13

What is the function of splenius capitis?

Answer 13

Extends the head at the Atlanto-occipital joint and rotates the head to the same side

Question 14

What does a Duchenne smile involve?

Answer 14

Contraction of both zygomaticus major and orbicularis oculi

Question 15

What is the difference between a Duchenne smile and a non-Duchenne smile?

Answer 15

Duchenne smile involves orbicularis oculi, non-Duchenne does not

Question 16

True or False: The splenius muscles are antagonists to the sternocleidomastoid.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What general rule applies to muscle actions relative to joint positions?

Answer 17

Muscles crossing anteriorly produce flexion, posteriorly produce extension, laterally produce abduction, and medially produce adduction

Question 18

What muscles are involved in mastication?

Answer 18

Temporalis, masseter, and buccinator

Question 19

What is the linea alba?

Answer 19

A tendinous seam that runs from the sternum to the pubic symphysis

Question 20

What is the role of the erector spinae muscles?

Answer 20

Prime movers of trunk extension

Question 21

What is the function of quadratus lumborum?

Answer 21

Extends the lumbar spine and assists in lateral flexion

Question 22

What are the three columns of the erector spinae muscles?

Answer 22

• Spinalis
• Longissimus
• Iliocostalis

Question 23

What is the main role of abdominal muscles?

Answer 23

Stabilize and flex the vertebral column and move the lower limb at the hip joint

Question 24

Which muscle is the prime mover of inspiration?

Answer 24

Diaphragm

Question 25

What are the major superficial trunk muscles that move the arm?

Answer 25

* Trapezius * Latissimus dorsi

Question 26

Fill in the blank: Anterior muscles from the hip superiorly are _______.

Answer 26

flexors

Question 27

Fill in the blank: Anterior muscles from the hip inferiorly are _______.

Answer 27

extensors

Question 28

What are the two major superficial trunk muscles mentioned?

Answer 28

Trapezius and Latissimus dorsi

Question 29

What provides abdominal support in the absence of bony reinforcements?

Answer 29

4 paired muscles, their fascia, and aponeuroses

Question 30

List the paired muscles that support the abdominal wall.

Answer 30

* External oblique * Rectus abdominis * Internal oblique * Transversus abdominis

Question 31

What is the primary action of the abdominal muscles when they contract bilaterally?

Answer 31

Flexion of the vertebral column

Question 32

True or False: The external oblique muscle is the most superficial abdominal muscle.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

How do the fibres of the external oblique muscle run?

Answer 33

In an inferomedial direction

Question 34

What is the most medial muscle of the abdominal group?

Answer 34

Rectus abdominis

Question 35

Where does the rectus abdominis extend from?

Answer 35

Pubic symphysis to the xiphoid process

Question 36

What is the role of the transversus abdominis?

Answer 36

Compressing abdominal contents

Question 37

What happens to the abdominal muscles during a sit-up?

Answer 37

They contract concentrically, causing flexion of the trunk

Question 38

In a lateral view of the abdominal muscles, which muscle is the most superficial?

Answer 38

External oblique

Question 39

What is the Valsalva manoeuvre?

Answer 39

Contracting abdominal muscles with the airway closed, increasing intra-abdominal pressure

Question 40

Name two functions that the Valsalva manoeuvre aids.

Answer 40

* Urination * Childbirth

Question 41

What muscles are involved in stabilizing the core?

Answer 41

* Trunk flexors * Trunk extensors * Diaphragm * Pelvic floor muscles

Question 42

What is the primary muscle of respiration?

Answer 42

Diaphragm

Question 43

What occurs during quiet inhalation?

Answer 43

Inspiratory muscles contract, increasing thoracic cavity volume

Question 44

What muscles assist during forceful inhalation?

Answer 44

* Scalenes * Sternocleidomastoid * Levator scapulae

Question 45

Is quiet exhalation an active or passive process?

Answer 45

Passive

Question 46

What muscles are recruited during forced exhalation?

Answer 46

* Oblique muscles * Transversus muscles * Internal intercostal muscles

Question 47

What forms the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 47

* Levator ani * Coccygeus

Question 48

What is the main function of the levator ani muscle?

Answer 48

Supporting the pelvic organs

Question 49

What is the perineum?

Answer 49

The region located inferior to the pelvic floor

Question 50

What muscle is responsible for voluntary control of urination?

Answer 50

External urethral sphincter

Question 51

True or False: Incontinence can only occur in women due to childbirth.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

List the muscles of the posterior trunk.

Answer 52

* Erector spinae * Spinalis * Longissimus * Iliocostalis

Question 53

What are the muscles of respiration?

Answer 53

* Diaphragm * External intercostals * Internal intercostals

Question 54

What muscle laterally flexes and extends the vertebral column?

Answer 54

Quadratus lumborum