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appendicular skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term ‘girdle’ refer to?

A

The encircling of the body – a ring around the torso.

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2
Q

How does the pelvic girdle differ from the pectoral girdle?

A

The pelvic girdle is larger, thicker, sturdier, and a completely enclosed ring designed for stability, while the pectoral girdle is lightweight, not a closed ring, and designed for mobility.

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3
Q

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

A
  • Clavicle * Scapula
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4
Q

What is the point of articulation between the sternum and the clavicle called?

A

Sternoclavicular joint.

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5
Q

What is the significance of the scapula’s articulation with the humerus?

A

It allows increased mobility at the shoulder joint.

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6
Q

What is the shape of the clavicle?

A

S-shaped.

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7
Q

What common injury occurs from a fractured clavicle?

A

The entire shoulder region collapses anteriorly.

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8
Q

How can you differentiate between the sternal and acromial ends of the clavicle?

A

The sternal end is cone-shaped or rounded and located medially; the acromial end is flattened and located laterally.

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9
Q

What are the three borders of the scapula?

A
  • Superior * Lateral * Medial
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10
Q

What is the coracoid process?

A

An attachment point for one of the tendons of the biceps brachii.

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11
Q

What is the function of the spine of the scapula?

A

To provide a raised bar that lies close to the vertebral column and flares out into the acromion process.

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12
Q

What are the names of the fossae located on the scapula?

A
  • Supraspinous fossa * Infraspinous fossa * Subscapular fossa
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13
Q

What is the humerus also known as?

A

Brachium.

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14
Q

What is the surgical neck of the humerus known for?

A

It is often broken because it is more distal.

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15
Q

What is the olecranon process?

A

The prominence on the ulna that forms the elbow joint with the humerus.

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16
Q

What is medial epicondylitis commonly known as?

A

Golfer’s elbow.

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17
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis commonly known as?

A

Tennis elbow.

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18
Q

What bones make up the forearm?

A
  • Radius * Ulna
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19
Q

What is the interosseous membrane?

A

A flat ligament that tightly binds together the radius and ulna.

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20
Q

What movement occurs when the distal radius crosses over the ulna?

A

Pronation.

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21
Q

What bones articulate to form the wrist joint?

A

Radius and the eight carpal bones.

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22
Q

What are the bones in the palm of the hand called?

A

Metacarpals.

23
Q

What is the function of the pubic symphysis?

A

It joins the two pubic bones anteriorly.

24
Q

What three bones make up each hip bone?

A
  • Ilium * Ischium * Pubis
25
What is the iliac crest?
The ridge at the top of the ilium where large muscles attach.
26
What is the acetabulum?
A deep socket in the pelvic girdle designed for stability.
27
What is the pubic arch?
The inverted V-shaped arch created by the two pubic bones at the pubic symphysis.
28
True or False: The pelvic girdle is designed more for mobility than stability.
False.
29
What are the two views from which the pelvis can be observed?
Anterior and posterior views
30
What is the shape of the pubic arch in a male pelvis?
Sharply angled
31
What is the ischial tuberosity?
A large, roughened surface on the inferior aspect of the ischium that serves as an attachment point for the hamstring muscle group
32
What is the significance of the ischial spines during childbirth?
They signify the narrowest part of the pelvis
33
Define pelvic inlet.
The space defined by the line of the pelvic brim seen in a superior view of the pelvis
34
Define pelvic outlet.
The space between the ischial spines, seen best in a posterior or inferior view of the pelvis
35
What anatomical structure is referred to as the ala?
The large wing of the ilium bone
36
What is the greater sciatic notch?
A feature of the ilium that allows the sciatic nerve to pass
37
What is the obturator foramen?
A large opening in the hip bone for nerves and blood vessels to pass through
38
What forms the pubic symphysis?
The articulation of the left and right pubic bones at a fibrocartilaginous joint
39
How can one determine the sex of a skeleton?
By examining the angle of the pubic arch, size of the bones, and shape of the pelvic inlet and outlet
40
What are the characteristics of a male pelvis?
* Heavier and thicker bones * Larger and closer acetabula * Narrow and deep true pelvic cavity * Acute pubic arch angle (50 to 60°) * Heart-shaped pelvic inlet * Long and sharp ischial spines
41
What are the characteristics of a female pelvis?
* Thinner and lighter bones * Smaller and further apart acetabula * Broad and shallow true pelvic cavity * Obtuse pubic arch angle (80 to 90°) * Wider and more oval pelvic inlet * Short and wide sacrum
42
What is the largest and strongest bone in the body?
Femur
43
What articulates with the head of the femur?
The acetabulum
44
What is the common fracture site in the femur?
Neck of femur
45
What are the lateral and medial epicondyles?
Attachment points for the ligaments that traverse the knee joint
46
What forms the ankle joint?
Tarsal bones, particularly the talus and calcaneus
47
What is the tibia's role in the lower leg?
It is the weight-bearing bone
48
What is the fibula's position in relation to the tibia?
It lies parallel and lateral to the tibia
49
What is the function of the interosseous membrane in the lower limb?
It secures the fibula to the tibia
50
What articulates with the tibia to form the knee joint?
The medial and lateral condyles of the femur
51
What is the relationship between the tibia and the tarsals?
The tibia articulates with the talus
52
What are the phalanges in the foot?
They form the shape of the toes
53
Fill in the blank: The pelvic girdle allows the lower limb to articulate with the _______.
Axial skeleton
54
True or False: The acetabulum is the fusion point of the three coxal bones.
True

anatomy (9 decks)

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