Anatomy 1

Question 1

What are the tiny building blocks of matter that combine to form molecules?

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

What are organelles?

Answer 2

Basic components of microscopic cells

Examples include mitochondria, nucleus, and lysosomes

Question 3

What is the smallest functional unit of living things?

Answer 3

Cells

Question 4

What are groups of similar cells that have a common function called?

Answer 4

Tissues

Question 5

What is an organ?

Answer 5

A discrete structure composed of at least two different tissue types performing a specific function

Question 6

What is the highest level of organization in the human body?

Answer 6

Organism

Question 7

What are the four basic types of tissue in the human body?

Answer 7

• Nervous tissue
• Muscle tissue
• Epithelial tissue
• Connective tissue

Question 8

What does nervous tissue do?

Answer 8

Transmits electrical impulses for rapid communication between organ systems

Question 9

What is the function of muscle tissue?

Answer 9

Allows movement throughout the body

Question 10

What does epithelial tissue do?

Answer 10

Covers body surfaces and lines cavities

Question 11

What is the role of connective tissue?

Answer 11

Provides support and protection for body organs

Question 12

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 12

A standard body position used as a reference point where the person stands tall and upright with arms slightly abducted and palms facing forward

Question 13

What is a sagittal plane?

Answer 13

A plane that divides the body into left and right portions

Question 14

What does the term ‘midsagittal’ refer to?

Answer 14

The sagittal plane located directly in the midline, providing an exact 50-50 split of the body

Question 15

What is the frontal plane also known as?

Answer 15

Coronal plane

Question 16

What does the transverse plane divide the body into?

Answer 16

Superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions

Question 17

What is the dorsal body cavity responsible for?

Answer 17

Protecting the nervous system organs

Question 18

What are the two subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity?

Answer 18

• Cranial cavity
• Vertebral cavity

Question 19

What organs are contained within the thoracic cavity?

Answer 19

• Lungs
• Heart

Question 20

What is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into?

Answer 20

• Abdominal cavity
• Pelvic cavity

Question 21

How many quadrants is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into?

Answer 21

Four quadrants

Question 22

What are the two groups of the adult human skeleton?

Answer 22

• Axial skeleton
• Appendicular skeleton

Question 23

What type of bones primarily make up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 23

Long bones

Question 24

What type of bones primarily make up the axial skeleton?

Answer 24

Flat bones

Question 25

What is the shaft of the long bone called?

Answer 25

Diaphysis

Question 26

What are the ends of the long bone called?

Answer 26

Epiphyses

Question 27

What covers the joint surface of each epiphysis?

Answer 27

Articular cartilage

Question 28

What are the two connective tissue coverings of bone?

Answer 28

* Endosteum * Periosteum

Question 29

What is the role of osteoblasts?

Answer 29

Responsible for bone growth

Question 30

What do osteocytes do?

Answer 30

Monitor and maintain the mineralised bone matrix

Question 31

What is the role of osteoclasts?

Answer 31

Responsible for bone resorption

Question 32

What is an osteon?

Answer 32

The structural unit of compact bone

Question 33

What is the function of lamellae in compact bone?

Answer 33

Surround each central canal and provide strength

Question 34

What do canaliculi connect?

Answer 34

Lacunae containing osteocytes

Question 35

What is the embryonic skeleton made of before week 8 of fetal development?

Answer 35

Hyaline cartilage and fibrous membranes

Question 36

When do primary ossification centers form?

Answer 36

At eight weeks of fetal age

Question 37

What produces the embryonic mesenchymal cells?

Answer 37

The ectoderm layer ## Footnote The ectoderm layer is one of the three primary germ layers in the early embryo.

Question 38

What is the composition of the embryonic skeleton before week 8 of fetal development?

Answer 38

Hyaline cartilage and fibrous membranes ## Footnote These structures form the initial framework for bone development.

Question 39

When do primary ossification centres start to form?

Answer 39

At eight weeks of fetal age ## Footnote This marks the beginning of the ossification process in the developing fetus.

Question 40

By what age do most long bones have well-defined primary ossification centres?

Answer 40

12 weeks of age ## Footnote Primary ossification centres can often be visualized through imaging techniques.

Question 41

What happens to long bones at birth?

Answer 41

Most long bones are well ossified, except for the epiphyses ## Footnote The epiphyses continue to develop in length after birth.

Question 42

What occurs post-natally regarding bone development?

Answer 42

Bones grow in length and size, and then remodel ## Footnote This growth and remodeling are crucial for achieving adult bone structure.

Question 43

When do secondary ossification centres appear?

Answer 43

Around the time of birth ## Footnote These centres contribute to long bone growth during childhood and adolescence.

Question 44

At what age do nearly all growth plates become completely ossified?

Answer 44

By 25 years of age ## Footnote This signifies the end of skeletal growth.

Question 45

What are the components of the skeletal system?

Answer 45

Bones, cartilage, and ligaments ## Footnote Together, they form a strong and flexible framework for the body.

Question 46

What are the four cells involved in bone formation?

Answer 46

Stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts ## Footnote Each cell type has a distinct role in the process of bone development and maintenance.

Question 47

What type of tissue is osseous tissue?

Answer 47

Connective tissue ## Footnote Osseous tissue is specialized for structural support and protection.

Question 48

Why can bone be considered an organ?

Answer 48

Because it is made up of multiple tissue types ## Footnote An organ is defined by the existence of two or more tissue types.

Question 49

What surrounds spongy bone?

Answer 49

Compact bone ## Footnote Compact bone is denser and provides strength to the bone structure.

Question 50

How are bones classified?

Answer 50

Based on shape, not size ## Footnote Bone shapes include long, flat, irregular, and short.