muscles of lower limb Flashcards
What is the primary action of the Iliopsoas muscle?
Flexing the thigh at the hip joint
The Iliopsoas is composed of the Iliacus and Psoas major muscles.
Which muscles are considered the anterior muscles of the thigh that cross the hip joint?
- Rectus femoris
- Sartorius
- Tensor fascia latae
These muscles are involved in hip flexion and have various other roles.
What is unique about the Sartorius muscle?
It is the longest muscle in the body and crosses both hip and knee joints
Sartorius also flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip.
What is the primary function of the gluteus maximus?
Extending the hip and laterally rotating the thigh
It is the largest gluteal muscle and plays a crucial role in movements like climbing stairs.
Which muscles make up the hamstring group?
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
Hamstrings extend the hip and flex the knee.
What are the functions of the medial compartment muscles of the thigh?
Adduct, flex, and medially rotate the thigh at the hip joint
Key muscles include Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, Adductor magnus, and Gracilis.
What is the primary action of the Quadriceps femoris?
Extending the knee joint
It is a powerful muscle group essential for activities like climbing and jumping.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the prime mover of dorsiflexion at the ankle.
Tibialis anterior
This muscle also supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.
What muscle group is responsible for plantarflexion at the ankle joint?
Superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the lower leg
Key muscles include Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris.
What are the actions of the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the lower leg?
- Plantarflex the ankle
- Invert the foot
- Flex the toes
Important muscles include Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, and Tibialis posterior.
Which muscles are involved in the eversion of the foot?
- Fibularis longus
- Fibularis brevis
These muscles also assist with some plantarflexion of the ankle.
True or False: The rectus femoris has a dual role in both hip flexion and knee extension.
True
It originates from the pelvis and contributes to both movements.
What is the primary role of the gluteus medius?
Abducting and medially rotating the hip
It is important for stabilizing the pelvis while walking.
Fill in the blank: The hamstrings are innervated by the _______ portion of the Sciatic nerve.
Tibial
This nerve innervates all three hamstring muscles.
What is the main action of the Tibialis posterior muscle?
Foot inversion and plantarflexion of the ankle
It also helps stabilize the longitudinal arch.
Which compartment of the lower leg is responsible for dorsiflexion and toe extension?
Anterior compartment
Muscles like Extensor digitorum longus are involved in these actions.
What is the function of the soleus muscle?
Plantarflexion of the ankle
It is a key postural muscle activated during walking and running.
List the three main actions of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the lower leg.
- Evert the foot
- Plantarflex the ankle
- Stabilize the lateral ankle joint
Fibularis longus and brevis are the key muscles in this compartment.
