Muscles of the Head

Question 1

This muscle is derived from three primary layers of the primitive
sphincter colli.

Answer 1

superficial muscles

Question 2

is best developed in the laryngeal region deep to the skin. Its delicate transverse fibers span the ventral borders of the platysma muscles at the junction of the head and neck. Occasionally fibers of this muscle reach the thorax, radiate over the shoulder joint, or blend with the cervical part of the platysma.

Answer 2

m. sphincter colli superficialis

Question 3

is a well-developed muscle sheet that takes its origin from the mid
dorsal tendinous raphe of the neck and the skin.

Answer 3

platysma

Question 4

consists of a few thin muscle fascicles that extend dorsoventrally from the base of the ear, lateral to the masseter muscle and parotid gland. These fascicles are covered by the platysma and extend across the ventral median plane to fuse with the fascicles of the same muscle on the opposite side.

Answer 4

sphincter coli profundus

Question 5

the principal component of the lips, extends from the
commissural region into the lips near their free borders that lies between the skin and the mucosa.

Answer 5

orbicularis oris muscle

Question 6

The straplike, long
muscle extends from the rostral angle of the scutiform cartilage to the edge of the superior lip and cheek, where it sinks into the orbicularis oris after crossing deep to the rostral fibers of the sphincter colli profundus.

Answer 6

zygomaticus

Question 7

These are two thin
muscles not clearly defined from the orbicularis and buccinator. They arise on the alveolar borders of
the incisive bone and mandible as far as the corner incisor teeth and are situated immediately deep to
the mucosa of the lips.

Answer 7

mm. incisivus superioris et inferioris

Question 8

is a flat muscle that lies deep to the apical end of the levator nasolabialis on the maxilla and incisive bone

Answer 8

m. levator labii superioris

Question 9

is immediately ventral to the levator labii superioris and extends
rostrally deep to the labial end of the levator nasolabialis. It terminates rostrally in the superior lip.

Answer 9

caninus

Question 10

It is a thick, flat, wide muscle that forms the foundation of the cheek. It is composed of two portions,
which extend caudally from the labial commissure.

Answer 10

buccinator

Question 11

this part of buccinator is deep to the buccal part and consists of longitudinal fibers that arise from the ramus of the mandible and course rostrally to fill the cheek and blend with the buccal part as
well as the orbicularis oris.

Answer 11

molar part

Question 12

, arises from the alveolar border and body of the mandible near
the third incisor. The fibers unite with those of the opposite side and radiate into the inferior lip, forming
a prominent, fat-infiltrated muscle.

Answer 12

mentalis muscle

Question 13

is a flat, thin, and broad muscle (even in large dogs), lying immediately deep to the skin on the lateral surface of the nasal and maxillary bones. It arises in
the frontal region between the orbits from the nasofrontal fascia, the medial palpebral ligament, and
the maxillary bone.

Answer 13

levator nasolabialis

Question 14

surrounds the palpebral fissure. Portions of the muscle adjacent to the borders of the lids extend from the medial palpebral ligament dorsal to the superior lid,
around the lateral commissure of the lids, and along the inferior lid back to the ligament

Answer 14

orbicularis occuli

Question 15

arises beside the m. frontalis from the temporal fascia. It extends horizontally to the lateral palpebral angle, and, in so doing, it crosses the orbicularis oculi
before it sinks into the fibers of the latter.

Answer 15

m. retractor anguli oculi lateralis,

Question 16

is a small, thick muscle strand that arises from the median
line on the frontal bone from the nasofrontal fascia.

Answer 16

levator anguli colli muscle

Question 17

is the main retractor of the superior eyelid

Answer 17

levator palpabrae superioris

Question 18

are smooth muscles associated with the eyeball, orbit and lids

Answer 18

m. orbitales

Question 19

lies superficial to the occipital and parietal bones. From the external sagittal crest, its fibers turn rostrally in bilaterally symmetric arches in such a way that they
form an unpaired, oval, thin membranous muscle that can be followed a short distance rostrally deep
to the caudal portion of the m. interscutularis

Answer 19

occipitalis muscle

Question 20

this muscle of the external ear is the funnel shaped proximal part of the auricle. This muscle aggregate
passes from the deep surface of the lateral crus of the helix to the tragus.

Answer 20

concha auriculae

Question 21

this is muscle of the rostral extrinsic ear muscle that is the dorsal medial rotator of the ear. It consists of two short broad bundles that arise from the lateral border of the scutiform cartilage and
attach to the concha and the lateral crus of the helix.

Answer 21

scutuloauricularis superficialis (

Question 22

this is muscle of the rostral extrinsic ear muscle that is known as large rotator of the concha

Answer 22

scutuloauricularis profundus

Question 23

this is muscle of the rostral extrinsic ear muscle that is a thin muscle that lies on the temporalis. It arises rostral to
the rostral border of the scutiform cartilage, by means of a fascial leaf, and extends to the forehead and
toward the superior eyelid.

Answer 23

m. frontalis

Question 24

this is muscle of the rostral extrinsic ear muscle that has formerly been considered part of the frontalis muscle, which is adjacent to its medial border

Answer 24

m. frontoscutularis

Question 25

this is muscle of the rostral extrinsic ear muscle that is the medial rotator that arises as a rather broad muscle from the tendinous leaf lying rostral to the scutiform cartilage.

Answer 25

m. zygomaticoauriculari

Question 26

this is from the dorsal extrinsic ear muscle that is a thin muscle extending from one scutiform cartilage to the
other, without attaching to the cranial bones. It has developed from the fusion of bilateral portions.

Answer 26

m. interscutularis

Question 27

this is from the dorsal extrinsic ear muscle that is only exceptionally an independent muscle

Answer 27

m. parietoscultularis

Question 28

this is from the dorsal extrinsic ear muscle that is a narrow, intermediate portion of the muscle complex that is not clearly defined. t is united with the deep surface of the interscultularis by
means of a few fibers

Answer 28

m. cervicoscutularis

Question 29

this is from the caudal extrinsic ear muscle that is a broad muscle mass that passes to the concha and ends by two branches on the dorsum of the ear

Answer 29

m. cervicoauricularis superficialis

Question 30

this is from the caudal extrinsic ear muscle that is a thick, relatively wide muscle that, covered partly by the cervicoauricularis superficialis, arises on the external sagittal crest, the external occipital protuberance, and the
neighboring attachment of the nuchal ligament.

Answer 30

cervicoauricularis medius

Question 31

this is from the caudal extrinsic ear muscle that is a division of the deep layer of the caudoauricular
musculature

Answer 31

m. cervicoauricularis profundus

Question 32

formerly called the
depressor auriculae, arises caudal to the laryngeal region, on or near the midline, where it blends with
the cervical fascia. As a well-defined band, it runs obliquely dorsally toward the concha, crossing the
mandibular and parotid glands in its course

Answer 32

e m. parotidoauricularis

Question 33

is a muscle of the concha.
It is a long, narrow muscle that also bears the name m. tragicus lateralis in descriptive nomenclature.

Answer 33

m. styloauricularis

Question 34

This muscle may undergo great reduction, and in extreme
cases may be represented only by tendinous remains.

Answer 34

m. styloauricularis

Question 35

was originally associated with the hyomandibular bone of the primitive
mandibular joint. During evolution, the hyomandibular became the stapes and with its associated
muscle was incorporated into the middle ear

Answer 35

stapedius

Question 36

The m. tensor tympani contains a
unique myosin, referred to as 2M, that is not found in the adjacent m. stapedius, supporting an
independent origin of these two muscles.

Answer 36

m. tensor tympani

Question 37

lies on the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible ventral to the zygomatic arch. It projects somewhat beyond the ventral and caudal borders of the mandible. The muscle is covered by a thick, glistening aponeurosis, and tendinous intermuscular
strands are interspersed throughout its depth.

Answer 37

masseter m

Question 38

is the largest muscle of the head. It occupies the temporal
fossa, from which it extends ventrally around the coronoid process of the mandible

Answer 38

temporalis

Question 39

runs from the paracondylar process of the occiput to the ventral border of the mandible.

Answer 39

m. digastricus

Question 40

is the most rostral pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 40

m. hyopharyngeus

Question 41

lies on the larynx and pharynx just caudal to the hyopharyngeus muscle. It arises from the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage and goes
dorsally and rostrally over the dorsal border of the thyroid lamina.

Answer 41

thyropharyngeus

Question 42

s a small muscle that extends from the stylohyoid bone to the rostrodorsal wall of the pharynx.

Answer 42

m. stylopharyngeus