Arteries of the Head

Question 1

leaves the left ventricle near the center of the base of the heart. It is a thick-walled vessel through which all the systemic blood of the body passes.

Answer 1

Aorta

Question 2

the first large artery from the aortic arch, passes obliquely to the right and cranially across the ventral surface of the trachea. It is approximately 4 cm
long and 8 mm in diameter.

Answer 2

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 3

is the first branch to leave the
brachiocephalic trunk.

Answer 3

The left common carotid artery

Question 4

Where does thebrachiocephalic trunk terminates

Answer 4

in the right common carotid and the right subclavian arteries.

Question 5

What are the four branches of the common carotid artery

Answer 5

caudal thyroid artery
cranial thyroid artery
internal carotid artery
external carotid artery

Question 6

arises opposite the vertebral end of
the second rib and ventral to the trachea. Its relations are similar to those of the right vessel as it
traverses the neck, except that it is on the left side and is loosely bound to the esophagus dorsomedially
by the deep cervical fascia

Answer 6

left common carotid artery

Question 7

diverges from the left and obliquely
crosses the ventrolateral surface of the trachea as it runs toward the head

Answer 7

right common carotid artery

Question 8

The fascia that binds these structures together and attaches them rather loosely to adjoining parts is the

Answer 8

carotid sheath

Question 9

is the main supply to either half of the head.

Answer 9

The external carotid
artery

Question 10

is a small vessel that usually arises from the brachiocephalic trunk between the origins of the common carotid arteries. The most common origin is
in form of a short trunk from the
brachiocephalic trunk, giving rise to the right and left caudal thyroid arteries, which run cranially toward the respective lobes of the thyroid gland.

Answer 10

caudal thyroid artery

Question 11

is a short vessel that arises from the common carotid artery opposite the caudal part of the larynx. It is the largest and the only constantly present branch of the common carotid artery.

Answer 11

cranial thyroid artery

Question 12

what are the four muscles that supply from the cranial thyroid artery

Answer 12

pharyngeal,
cricothyroid,
caudal laryngeal,
sternocleidomastoid.

Question 13

is the main continuation of the common carotid to the head. It is approximately 4 cm long and forms a sigmoid flexure as it winds its way deep to the caudal portion of the hypoglossal nerve, mandibular salivary gland, and digastric muscle

Answer 13

external carotid artery

Question 14

is most frequently the first branch of the external carotid artery.

Answer 14

occipital artery

Question 15

is the second branch of the occipital artery. It usually is a short trunk that
arises medial to the paracondylar process and dorsolateral to the last four cranial nerves

Answer 15

cervical branch

Question 16

is the largest branch of the occipital artery. It also supplies the cranial part of the epaxial muscles of the head including the m. semispinalis capitis.

Answer 16

descending branch

Question 17

is usually the second branch of the external carotid artery, arising ventrally nearly opposite the occipital artery. Near its origin it supplies one or two small branches to the mastoid part of the sternocephalicus muscle

Answer 17

cranial laryngeal artery

Question 18

is a small, freely branching vessel that
arises from the external carotid artery in common with or close to the occipital artery

Answer 18

ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 19

are a few small branches
that leave the initial part of the ascending pharyngeal artery. They run ventrally in the lateral wall of
the pharynx to the soft palate, where they supply the extensive palatine glands, and the palatine mucosa
and muscles. T

Answer 19

palatine branches

Question 20

are distributed to the musculature and mucosa of the cranial part of the pharynx as well as to the ventral axial muscles, mainly the m. longus capitis.

Answer 20

pharyngeal branches

Question 21

is usually the largest collateral branch of the external carotid artery.

Answer 21

lingual artery

Question 22

supplies the root of the tongue, the soft palate and the adjacent pharynx.

Answer 22

palatine artery

Question 23

supply structures around the hyoid bones and the palatine tonsil.

Answer 23

perihyoid branches

Question 24

is approximately 3 cm long and 1.5 mm in diameter and gives rise to glandular and muscular branches before its first large collateral branch, the sublingual artery, arises. It terminates in the face as labial arteries.

Answer 24

facial artery

Question 25

is the largest but not necessarily the first branch to leave the initial part
of the facial artery. It is the main supply to the mandibular and monostomatic sublingual salivary glands.

Answer 25

glandular branch

Question 26

are usually two small vessels that supply the adjacent parts of the
digastric, medial pterygoid, and occasionally the styloglossal muscles.

Answer 26

muscular branches

Question 27

arises from the facial artery medial to the ventral part of the body of the mandible, in the depths of a deep
cleft that is bounded laterally by the m. masseter, medially by the caudal part of the m. mylohyoideus, and ventrally by the m. digastricus.

Answer 27

sublingual artery

Question 28

It is accompanied by a satellite vein and the mylohyoid nerve and
anastomoses with the lingual and inferior labial arteries.

Answer 28

facial artery- sulingual artery

Question 29

fascial artery that lies along the ventral border of the m. orbicularis oris.

Answer 29

The inferior labial artery

Question 30

fascial artery that supplies in part the m. buccinator, m. orbicularis oris, and the skin and mucosa of this region

Answer 30

angular artery of the mouth

Question 31

fascial artery that supplies mainly the orbicularis oris and levator nasolabialis muscles.

Answer 31

superior labial artery

Question 32

arises at the base of the annular cartilage from the dorsocaudal surface of the external carotid artery. It circles around the caudal half of the base of the ear. It is a medium-sized vessel, which at first lies deep to the parotid salivary gland, then is located
more dorsally deep to the caudal auricular group of muscles.

Answer 32

caudal auricular artery

Question 33

is the smallest branch of the caudal auricular artery. It leaves the
caudoventral surface of the vessel and runs directly to the stylomastoid foramen in company with the
facial nerve

Answer 33

stylomastoid artery

Question 34

consists of one or two large vessels that supply the conjoined tendons of the mastoid parts of the cleidocephalic and sternocephalic muscles. They also
supply the skin, platysma, and subcutaneous fat, and finally anastomose with the superficial cervical
artery.

Answer 34

sternocleidomastoideus branch

Question 35

It is a large artery that branches as it passes through or in contact with the caudal border of the parotid salivary gland. It extends distally on the
caudal surface of the auricular cartilage, near its lateral border.

Answer 35

lateral auricular branch

Question 36

is the largest artery to the ear. It arises approximately 1 cm distal to the lateral auricular branch deep to the caudal auricular muscles.

Answer 36

e intermediate auricular branch

Question 37

is the main distal continuation of the caudal auricular artery after the
auricular branches are given off.

Answer 37

occipital branch

Question 38

is a small vessel that arises 5 to 15 mm distal to the origin of the caudal auricular artery. This vessel sends branches to the facial nerve and the most dorsal mandibular
lymph node and may supply the skin.

Answer 38

parotid artery

Question 39

gives off many branches that supply the deep structures of the head lying outside the cranial cavity

Answer 39

maxillary artery

Question 40

is the main blood supply to the rostral mandibular soft tissues.

Answer 40

middle mental branch