Head and Neck Flashcards
forms a rigid construction composed of many bones, which are mostly
paired.
The skull
It encompasses and protects the brain and the sensory organs of sight, smell, sound, balance and taste.
Skull
It also functions to provide a bony cavity
through which air can enter the body and to communicated via the muscles of facial expression.
Skull
The individual bones of the skull are firmly
united by _______
sutures
is a very complex organ consisting of about 50 bones
skull
is the skeleton of the
head, organized into a cranial part (cranium) and a facial part
skull
These bones form the skeleton of the oral and nasal cavities and also support
the pharynx, larynx and the root of the tongue
facial bones
how many bones of the cranium
7
is composed of the: unpaired basioccipital bone and unpaired
basisphenoid and presphenoid bones,
floor
is composed of the: unpaired supraoccipital
bone (squamous part) and exoccipital bones (lateral parts),
nuchal wall
is composed of the: paired frontal bone, paired parietal bone and
unpaired interparietal bone
roof
is composed of the: unpaired ethmoid bone.
nasal wall
this bone lies at the base of the skull on the caudal aspect/ nuchal part and can be divided into the basilar part, the squamous part and lateral parts
occipital bone
these bones form a ring surrounding the spinal cord, the foramen magnum
occipital bone
it is the ring surrounding the spinal cord
foramen magnum
this part of the occipital bone has a conspicuous external occipital protuberance situated mid-dorsally, which is continuous on either side with nuchal crest
squamous part
this part of the occipital bone bears an occipital condyle on each side of the foramen magnum for participation in the atlanto-occipital articulation
lateral part
within the foramen magnum and occipital condyle is the _______ for the passage of emissary veins from the skull
condylar canal
It is the sites for muscle attachment (digastrus)
jugular/paracondylar processes
this part of the occipital bone borders the foramen magnum ventrally
basilar part
the basilar part of the occipital bone has a ______ for the insertion of the longus capitis muscle
muscular tubercle
this bone consists of two bones, the basisphenoid and the presphenoid.
sphenoid bone
this bone of the sphenoid lies on the ventral aspect of the skull, forming the floor of the cranial
cavity and extends laterally into the orbit
containing the optic and orbital foramina
basisphenoid
this bone in the sphenoid is penetrated by many small foramina through which nerves and blood vessels pass.
basisphenoid
the ______bears the sella turcica on the inner surface of the body
basisphenoid bone
frontal bone can be divided in how many segments
four
the osseous ridge of origin of the extrinsic muscles of the ocular bulb, commences ventrally at the alar canal
pterygoid crest
this part of the frontal bone is limited to the wall of the orbital cavity which extends to form the zygomatic process laterally, which forms part of the dorsal margin of the orbit
frontal squama
is the rostral extension of the frontal bone and is neighbored by the nasal bone rostrally and the lacrimal bone laterally.
nasal part
this segment of the frontal lobe forms the major part of the medial wall of the orbital cavity, and is perforated ventrally by the ethmoidal foramen
orbital part
It forms the rostral part of
the temporal fossa, which provides attachment for the temporal muscle
temporal surface
is paired and forms most of the dorsolateral part of the
cranial wall. It is bordered by the occipital bone caudally and the frontal bone rostrally.
Parietal bone
The _______ aspect of the internal surface of the
parietal bone has a medial projection, which forms part of the osseous tentorium cerebelli.
caudal aspect
is centrally placed between the occipital bone
and the parietal bone, with which it fuses during adult life, with the exception of the cat, where the
sutures are still visible in the adult.
Interparietal bone
This bone of the newborn animal consists of three distinct
parts, which unite later in life: squamous part, petrosal part with its mastoid process and tympanic part.
temporal bone
The petrosal and tympanic parts are sometimes also called the _____
pyramid
is the caudoventral portion of the temporal bone and is bordered by the
squamous and the tympanic parts.
petrosal part
It unites with the frontal, parietal and sphenoid bones in firm osseous sutures.
cerebral surface of the squamous part
this process arises from the temporal surface of the squamous part and extends rostrolaterally to unite with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone, forming the zygomatic arch.
long zygomatic process
The ____ of the zygomatic process expands to form the articulating surface of the temporomandibular
joint.
base
It encloses the inner ear with the cochlea, the vestibule and the
semicircular canals.
petrosal
This articulates with the mastoid process of the petrosal part and the nuchal process of the squamous part
hyoid apparatus
situated between the mastoid process and the tympanic part.
stylomastoid foramen
it is the ventral portion of the temporal bone
tympanic part
is situated deep in the walls of the orbit an contributes to the formation of the cranial and facial parts of the skull.
ethmoid bone
is a sieve-like partition between the nasal and cranial cavities.
cribriform plate
is perforated by
numerous foramina through which the olfactory nerve bundles pass. These nerves pass from the olfactory
cortices of the brain to the olfactory bulbs.
cribriform plate
this wall of the nasal cavity, formed by paired lacrimal bones, paired zygomatic
bones, paired upper jaw and paired incisive bones (os incisivum)
lateral walls
this wall formed by the: paired palatine
bones, paired upper jaw, paired incisive bones (os incisivum) and unpaired vomer;
floor of the nasal/ roof of the oral cavity
formed by: paired frontal bones (os frontale) and paired nasal bones
roof of the nasal cavity (dorsum nasi)
what bone separates the nasal and cranial cavities.
ethmoid bone
forms the roof of the nasal cavity and has a concave
external surface.
Nasal bone
is a small bone situated near the medial canthus of the eye forming parts of the orbit and the lateral wall of the face. It articulates with the frontal bone,
the zygomatic bone and the maxilla and the palatine bone.
Lacrimal Bone
lies ventrolateral to the lacrimal bone and forms parts of the bony orbit and the zygomatic arch.
zygomatic bone
is formed by the union of the
temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
zygomatic arch
The palatine canal runs through the________ and allows the passage of the major palatine artery,
vein and nerve.
horizontal plate
an unpaired bone that extends from the choanal region into the nasal
cavity, where it attaches to the median nasal crest on the floor of the nasal cavity.
comer
is a thin bony plate, bordered by the sphenoid bone and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone. It forms part of the dorsal and lateral walls of the
nasopharyngeal cavity
pterygoid bone
This foramen is the caudal opening of the mandibular canal, which is located in the ramus and body of the mandible.
mandibular formaen
Between the condylar
process and the coronoid process is a U-shaped depression, known as the
mandibular notch
is a hooked eminence ventral to the condylar process. It serves for the attachment of the pterygoids medially and the masseter laterally.
angular process
this bone stabilize the tongue and the larynx by suspending them from the skull
hyoid bones
This apparatus extends from the mastoid process of the skull to
the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. I
hyoid apparatus
this means long and narrow-headed
dolichocephalic
this means short and wide-headed skull of dog
brachycephalic
this means a head medium proportions of the skull of dog
mesocephalic
these breeds have an elongated facial skeleton and a narrow cranial part with a distinct external sagittal crest for the attachment of the temporal muscle
dolichocephalic
the cranial part of the skull is relatively large compared to the facial
part, which is shortened and broadened. The external sagittal crest is reduced or missing altogether.
brachyocephalic
In some brachycephalic breeds the lower jaw protrudes rostral to the
upper jaw, producing the condition known as
prognathism of the mandible
the facial and cranial part of the skull
are well proportioned, resulting in an average conformation between the two other groups. In spite of these breed-specific variations, which are complemented by age- and gender-specific characteristics, the basic architecture of the canine skull remains the same.
mesocephalic
