Module 1 Introduction

Question 1

taking the whole limb forward

Answer 1

Protraction

Question 2

taking the whole limb backward

Answer 2

Retraction

Question 3

the movement of one bone upon another in such a way that the angle formed at their joint is increased

Answer 3

Extension

Question 4

the act of turning the palm backward

Answer 4

Pronation

Question 5

This is the normal position of the manus in quadripeds

Answer 5

Pronation

Question 6

the act of turning the palm forward

Answer 6

supination

Question 7

the movement of a part away from the median plane

Answer 7

abduction

Question 8

the movement of a part towards the median

Answer 8

adduction

Question 9

bones that develop within some soft organs

Answer 9

Splanchnic skeleton

Question 10

types of bone that is characterized by a shaft or diaphysis, formed from a thick outer layer of compact bone

Answer 10

long bone

Question 11

what types of bone form the bsis of the limbs

Answer 11

long bones

Question 12

this type of bone can have different forms such as cylindrical, cubic or round

Answer 12

short bones

Question 13

this bone consist of two layers of compact bone (tabulae) surrounding either spongy bone or air.

Answer 13

Flat and wide bones

Question 14

These bones have formed through the subsequent resorption of bone substance and lined with mucosa

Answer 14

flat and wide bones

Question 15

this type of bone is found close to the joints or embedded in tendon

Answer 15

sesamoid bones (ossa sesamoidea)

Question 16

less uniform in shape and they lie in the midline and are unpaired bones

Answer 16

irregular bones

Question 17

these bones contains air filled spaces known as sinuses which have the effect of reducing the weight of the bone

Answer 17

Pneumatic Bones

Question 18

this is the bone that develops in a soft organ and is unattached to the rest of the skeleton

Answer 18

Splanchnic bone

Question 19

what are the three sources of afferent blood to long bone

Answer 19

Nutrient
Metaphyseal
Periosteal

Question 20

two types of ossification

Answer 20

intramembranous and endochondrial ossification

Question 21

the cells responsible for laying down new bone

Answer 21

osteoblast

Question 22

cells that destroy or remodel bone is called

Answer 22

osteoclast

Question 23

This is the process by which the flat bones of the skull are formed

Answer 23

Intramembranous Ossification

Question 24

This type of ossification involves the replacement of a hyaline cartilage model

Answer 24

Endochondrial ossification

Question 25

Three types of Fibrous Joints

Answer 25

Sutures
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis

Question 26

type of fibrous joints that are largely confined to flat bones of the skull

Answer 26

Sutures

Question 27

type of fibrous joint formed between a teeth roots in the dental alveoli and its socket by dense connective tissue

Answer 27

Gomphosis

Question 28

is fibrous joint with much intervening connective tissue

Answer 28

Syndesmosis

Question 29

Two types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 29

Synchondrosis
Symphysis

Question 30

These are mainly transitory joints found in growing bone

Answer 30

Synchondrosis

Question 31

This joint is found in symphyses and are important joints between vertebral bodies and sternebrae

Answer 31

Symphysis

Question 32

This joint allows the greatest degree of movement

Answer 32

Synovial joints

Question 33

this synoviocytes are responsible for phagocytosis

Answer 33

Type A synoviocytes

Question 34

this type of synoviocytes produce and secrete proteins

Answer 34

Type B synoviocytes

Question 35

what is the primary purpose of synovial joint

Answer 35

lubricate the joint

Question 36

Synovial joint is composed of

Answer 36

hyaluronic acid, sugar, electrocytes and enzymes

Question 37

occurs due to increased production of synovia

Answer 37

Hydrarthrosis

Question 38

The articular cartilage is divided into

Answer 38

superficial zone
intermediate zone
radial zone
calcified zone

Question 39

this zone is comprised of tightly woven collagen fibers

Answer 39

superficial zone

Question 40

this zone is structurally homogenous

Answer 40

intermediate zone

Question 41

This structure guarantees a strong attachment of joint cartilage to bone

Answer 41

calcified zone

Question 42

This plate supports dynamic functions of the joint, acts as a cushion protecting the cartilage from axial forces and promotes the metabolic supply of the deeper layers of cartilage

Answer 42

subchondral bone plate

Question 43

is the ability of muscle fibres to sustain contraction over long periods and is dependent on energy obtained from aerobic metabolism

Answer 43

Endurance

Question 44

high endurance fibres are called

Answer 44

red fibres

Question 45

muscles that are contained within the skin and are associated directly with hair follicles

Answer 45

arrector pilli muscles

Question 46

these muscles erect the hairs against the cold and in behavioristic displays

Answer 46

arretor pilli muscles

Question 47

Three types of hair

Answer 47

Lead hairs
Guard hairs
Wool hairs

Question 48

This type of hair is long, stiff and slightly curved

Answer 48

lead Hair or main

Question 49

are shorter than lead hair, arched near the tip and thickened

Answer 49

guard hair

Question 50

shortest type of hair

Answer 50

wool hair

Question 51

this type of hair predominates in puppies

Answer 51

wool haair

Question 52

special forms of hair in the vicinity of the opening of the mouth

Answer 52

sinus or tactile hairs

Question 53

the part of the coat in which the hairs have a uniform direction is called

Answer 53

flumina pilorumm

Question 54

active growth phase in hair

Answer 54

anagen

Question 55

the quietest stage and shortest period phase in hair

Answer 55

catagen

Question 56

is is the resting phase

Answer 56

telogen