Muscles of the Face and Neck

Question 1

define skeletal muscle

Answer 1

voluntary striated muscle attached to 1 or more bones

Question 2

list the 5 physiological characteristics of muscles

Answer 2

1. Irritability
2. Contractility
3. Elasticity
4. Conductivity
5. Extensibility

Question 3

orbicularis oculi

Answer 3

location: brow bone & directly under eye (surrounds eye socket)

action:

• closure of eyelids
• draws lacrimal sac onto eye
• blinking, winking, squinting

Question 4

levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 4

location: upper eyelid

action:

• raises upper eyelid
• voluntarily opens eye

Question 5

corrugator supercilii

Answer 5

location: muscle between front of eyebrow and upper nose bridge

action:
- draws eyebrows medially & inferiorly
- wrinkles skin of the forehead vertically, e.g. frowning, worry, deep thought

Question 6

procerus

Answer 6

location: covers upper nose bridge

action:

• draws down medial angles of eyebrows
• produces transverse wrinkles across bridge of nose

Question 7

orbicularis oris

Answer 7

location: muscle surrounding top and bottom lip

action:
- closes and protrudes lips
- compresses lips against teeth
- aka “kissing muscle”

Question 8

nasalis

Answer 8

location: covers nostrils

action:
-flares nostrils

Question 9

levator labii superioris

Answer 9

location: directly beneath eye socket and inserts into orbicularis oris of top lip

action:
- elevates the upper lip

Question 10

levator anguli oris

Answer 10

location: upper smile line

action:
- elevates corners of mouth (smiling)

Question 11

zygomaticus major and minor

Answer 11

location: zygomatic bone (apple of cheeks)

action:
- draws angle of the mouth outward and upward
- elevates the lip as in laughing

Question 12

risorius

Answer 12

location: lower lateral portion of the cheek directly behind corners of the mouth

action:
- draws angle of the mouth out and back (laterally)

Question 13

depressor labii inferioris

Answer 13

location: between bottom lip and jaw in chin area

action:
- draws lower lip inferiorly and laterally (during mastication)
- produces pouting expression

Question 14

depressor anguli oris

Answer 14

location: lower smile line

action:
- draws angle of mouth downward and laterally
- think “tragedy mask” expression

Question 15

mentalis

Answer 15

location: chin

action:

• elevates and protrudes lower lip
• wrinkles the skin of the chin

Question 16

frontalis

Answer 16

location: forehead

action:
- draws back scalp
- aids in wrinkling forehead
- involved in headaches

Question 17

list the 3 muscles of mastication

Answer 17

1. Buccinator
2. Temporalis
3. Masseter

Question 18

buccinator

Answer 18

location: lower portion of cheek

action:
- draws corner of mouth laterally, compresses cheek
- suckng, blowing, whistling, chewing

Question 19

temporalis

Answer 19

location: temples

action:

• elevates and retracts mandible
• side to side movement of mandible
• elevates and stabilizes the jaw

Question 20

masseter

Answer 20

location: lower jaw muscle behind teeth

action:
- elevates mandible and slightly protracts it
- clenching teeth

Question 21

platysma

Answer 21

location: main muscle of the neck
action: draws down lower jaw and lips

Question 22

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 22

location: protruding muscles on lateral portions of neck
action: bends neck up and down, rotates head to opposite side

Question 23

define irritability

Answer 23

• aka “excitability”, “responsiveness”
• the property of receiving and responding to stimuli
• contraction of muscles is stimulated by light, heat, chemical pressure, electricity, etc.

Question 24

define contractility/contractibility

Answer 24

the property that enables muscles to change shape i.e., become shorter and thicker (contract)

Question 25

define elasticity

Answer 25

• the ability of a muscle to return to its original length/form once tension is released
• often misunderstood as the ability to stretch

Question 26

describe conductivity

Answer 26

• the stimulation of a muscle fiber causes local electrical change, triggering a wave of excitation that travels rapidly along the fiber
• initiates processes leading to muscle contraction

Question 27

define extensibility

Answer 27

the ability of a muscle to stretch again between contractions

Question 28

list the 3 types of muscle

Answer 28

1. skeletal/striated/voluntary
2. smooth/involuntary/visceral
3. cardiac

Question 29

describe smooth muscle

Answer 29

• functions automatically (involuntary control)

- makes up blood vessels, digestive and other organs

Question 30

describe cardiac muscle

Answer 30

• involuntary muscle that the heart is made of

- striated, crossed, banded structure allowing for contraction (heartbeat)

Question 31

how is a muscle structured?

Answer 31

3 parts:

1. Origin: fixed and attached to bone, unmovable
2. Insertion: part that moves
3. Belly: middle portion of muscle

Question 32

where is pressure directed during facial massage?

Answer 32

from insertion to origin