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skin care > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the endocrine system?

A

group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities and health of the entire body

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2
Q

what does the endocrine system produce?

A

hormones

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3
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers that communicate instructions to the cells of the body

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4
Q

hypothalamus

A

structure in the brain that controls the secretion of hormones

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5
Q

name the organs of the endocrine system (7)

A
  • pituitary gland
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid gland
  • adrenal glands
  • pancreas
  • ovaries
  • testes
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6
Q

pituitary gland

A

-master gland of the endocrine system, located at the base of the brain
-secretes hormones that govern hormonal secretion of other endocrine glands
-produces growth hormone, prolactin
oxytocin, & antidiuretic hormone

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7
Q

thyroid gland

A
  • located in the anterior neck in 2 lobes that lie on either side of the trachea (throat)
  • produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolic activity in the body & calcitonin
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8
Q

adrenal glands

A

-attached to the upper portion of each kidney

  • secrete 3 types of steroid hormones called corticosteroids:
    a) sex hormones i.e., estrogen and androgen
    b) mineralocorticoids
    c) glucocorticoids (cortisol)

-produces epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine

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9
Q

pancreas

A

-posterior to stomach and beneath the liver, plays an important role in digestion and blood sugar regulation

  • exocrine function: produce digestive secretions which flow into the small intestine to help digest food
  • endocrine function: produces glucagon and insulin
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10
Q

ovaries

A
  • 2 oval glands in the pelvic cavity on either side of the uterus
  • produce female sex cell (ovum/egg), estrogen and progesterone
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11
Q

testes

A
  • 2 oval glands in the scrotum

- produce male sex cell (spermatozoa/sperm) and testosterone

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12
Q

growth hormone

A
  • produced by the pituitary gland

- stimulates the growth of bones, muscles, organs and other tissue

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13
Q

prolactin

A
  • produced by the pituitary gland

- enhances growth of breast tissue and stimulates milk production

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14
Q

oxytocin

A
  • produced by the pituitary gland

- triggers contraction of the uterus in labour and childbirth

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15
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A
  • produced by the pituitary gland

- regulates water balance in the body

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16
Q

calcitonin

A
  • produced by the thyroid gland

- regulates the amount calcium in the blood and maintains healthy bones

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17
Q

parathyroid glands

A
  • 4 glands attached to the thyroid

- secrete parathyroid hormone which helps maintain calcium levels in the body

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18
Q

estrogen and androgen

A
  • sex hormones produced in the ovaries/testes and the adrenal glands
  • maintain secondary sex characteristics e.g. breast development and facial hair
19
Q

mineralocorticoids

A
  • produced in the adrenal glands

- steroid hormone that regulates electrolyte balance

20
Q

glucocortoids

A

includes cortisol, produced in the adrenal glands

-help promote normal metabolism, resistance to stress, and counter-inflammatory response

21
Q

epinephrine

A
  • also known as adrenaline, produced by adrenal glands

- produces “fight or flight” response to stress

22
Q

norepinephrine

A
  • produced in adrenal glands

- elevates blood pressure

23
Q

insulin

A
  • hormone produced in the pancreas

- regulates blood sugar along with glucagon

24
Q

progesterone

A
  • produced in the ovaries

- regulates menstruation

25
Q

testosterone

A
  • produced in the testes

- controls sexual development and reproductive function

26
Q

dwarfism

A

pituitary gland pathology in which a deficiency of growth hormone causes a person to be shorter than average

27
Q

gigantism

A

pituitary gland pathology that results from excess growth hormone before puberty and causes excessive skeletal growth

28
Q

acromegaly

A

pituitary gland pathology

  • caused by and excess of growth hormone in adulthood
  • characterized by enlarged feature particularly of the face, hands and extremities
29
Q

goiter

A

thyroid gland pathology
-enlargement of the thyroid due to a lack of iodine in the diet or inflammation, infection, tumour or malfunction of the thyroid gland

30
Q

hypothyroidism

A

thyroid gland pathology

-decreased function of the thyroid gland causing a decrease in metabolic activity

31
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

-increased function of the thyroid gland causing an increased metabolic rate, nervousness, constant hunger, weight loss and fatigue

32
Q

addison’s disease

A
  • caused by autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands (decreased cortisol production)
  • causes decreased cardiac output, hypotension, dehydration, weakness and fatigue, hyperpigmentation of the skin, bluish-black gums, weakened immune system
  • chronic disease that requires lifetime hormone replacement therapy
33
Q

cushing’s syndrome (hormone excess)

A

-pathology of the adrenal glands referring to an incresase in cortisol from any cause

symptoms:
- altered fat metabolism resulting in a protruding abdomen, fat pads on the back (buffalo hump) and a round “moon face”
- increased facial hair and thinning of scalp hair, decreased menstruation, decreased testosterone
- decreased ability of the body to heal

34
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

pathology of the pancreas
-a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism that is primarily a result of deficiency or complete lack of insulin secretion by the pancreas, or of defects of the insulin receptors in cells

-type 1, type 2, gestational

35
Q

type 1 diabetes

A
  • aka insulin-dependent diabetes
  • usually has its onset in children and adolescents, may be associated with a genetic predisposition to the disorders
  • cells of the pancreas do not produce insulin, causing an increase in blood sugar and a breakdown of body fats and proteins, affected person must take insulin by injection
36
Q

type 2 diabetes

A
  • results from impaired ability of the tissues to use insulin accompanied by a relative decrease of insulin
  • usually occurs in mid-life
37
Q

gestational diabetes

A
  • occurs during pregnancy
  • affects women with a family history of diabetes, who’ve had a very large baby, who are older, or who have had several pregnancies
38
Q

symptoms of diabetes

A

excessive urination, thirst and hunger, blurred vision, paresthesia (numbness/tingling of extremities), and skin infections (decreased circulation of the feet/extremities)

39
Q

what are the precautions we must take when treating a diabetic client?

A

diabetic client can experience a sudden drop in blood sugar levels especially after lengthy or back-to-back services; have snacks or juice ready and allow client time between services

decreased circulation =

  • lack of normal sensation in the feet, decreased healing ability
  • no extremes of temperature (hot or cold) should be used on the feet, no oils should be used if sores or cracks are present, take extreme care not to damage the skin
40
Q

hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

A

-occurs from a relative excess of insulin in the blood causing below-normal blood sugar levels

41
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation after 16 years

42
Q

secondary amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation for a period of 3 months or more in those who have previously menstruated

43
Q

dysmenorhhea

A

painful menstruation

skin care (13 decks)

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