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Musculoskeletal System > Muscles of Neck > Flashcards

Muscles of Neck Flashcards

1
Q

NECK

A

ANTERIORLY - Lower border mandible to upper surface manubrium of sternum
POSTERIORLY - Superior nuchal line (on occipital bone) to Intervertebral disc C7 and T1

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2
Q

FASCIA OF NECK

A

SUPERFICIAL Fascia
- thin sheet muscle (platysma)
DEEP Fascia
- Investing layer: surrounds all structures in neck
- Prevertebral layer: surrounds vertebral column and muscles of back
- Pretracheal layer: encloses viscera neck
- Carotid sheaths: surrounds Common Carotid Artery, Internal Carotid Artery, Internal Jugular Vein and Vagus Nerve

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3
Q

SUPERFICIAL DRAINAGE NECK (External Jugular Vein)

A

Formed Posterior to mandible - union posterior auricular and retromandibular veins
Superficial to SternocIeidomastoid
Pass DEEP to clavicle, drains into Subclavian vein
TRIBUTARIES:
- Posterior External Jugular Vein
“ Transverse Cervical Vein
- Suprascapular Vein

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4
Q

SUPERFICIAL DRAINAGE (Anterior Jugular Vein)

A

Drains Anterior aspect
Venous channels fuse Superior to Hyoid Bone
Either side of midline
Inferiorly, medial Sternocleidomastoid
Drains into Subclavian vein
Anterior Jugular vein communicates via Jugular Venous Arch (suprasternal notch)

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5
Q

SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES

A

Related to Submandibular and Submental triangles
- Stylohyoid
- Digastric (Posterior/Anterior)
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid

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6
Q

STYLOHYOID (Origin)

A

Base Styloid process

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7
Q

STYLOHYOID (Insertion)

A

Lateral body Hyoid

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8
Q

STYLOHYOID (Innervation)

A

Fascial Nerve

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9
Q

STYLOHYOID (Action)

A

Pulls hyoid posterosuperior direction (during swallowing)

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10
Q

DIGASTRIC - POSTERIOR BELLY (Origin)

A

Mastoid process temporal bone

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11
Q

DIGASTRIC - POSTERIOR BELLY (Insertion)

A

Attachment tendon (tendon attach Hyoid)

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12
Q

DIGASTRIC - POSTERIOR BELLY (Innervation)

A

Fascial Nerve

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13
Q

DIGASTRIC - POSTERIOR BELLY (Action)

A

Pulls Hyoid posterosuperior direction (when mandible fixed)

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14
Q

DIGASTRIC - ANTERIOR BELLY (Origin)

A

Digastric fossa mandible

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15
Q

DIGASTRIC - ANTERIOR BELLY (Insertion)

A

Attached tendon (tendon to Hyoid)

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16
Q

DIGASTRIC - ANTERIOR BELLY (Innervation)

A

Mylohyoid Nerve (branch Mandibular Nerve)

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17
Q

DIGASTRIC - ANTERIOR BELLY (Action)

A

Opens mouth - lowering mandible (Hyoid fixed)

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18
Q

MYLOHYOID (Origin)

A

~ Superior to Digastric Anterior Belly
Mylohyoid line mandible

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19
Q

MYLOHYOID (Insertion)

A

Hyoid Body

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20
Q

MYLOHYOID (Innervation)

A

Mylohyoid Nerve (branch Mandibular Nerve)

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21
Q

MYLOHYOID (Action)

A

Support and Elevation floor mouth
Elevation Hyoid

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22
Q

GENIOHYOID (Origin)

A

~ Superior to floor oral cavity
Genial Tubercle (Mental spine) of mandible

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23
Q

GENIOHYOID (Insertion)

A

Anterior body Hyoid

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24
Q

GENIOHYOID (Innervation)

A

Anterior ramus C1

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25
Q

GENIOHYOID (Action)

A

Mandible fixed = Pulls Hyoid Anteriorly
Hyoid fixed Pulls mandible Inferiorly

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26
Q

INFRAHYOID MUSCLES

A

Muscular Triangle ~ known as “Strap” muscles
- Sternohyoid
- Omohyoid
- Thyrohyoid
- Sternothyroid

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27
Q

STERNOHYOID (Origin)

A

Posterior aspect Sternodavicular joint

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28
Q

STERNOHYOID (Insertion)

A

Hyoid body, medial to omohyoid

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29
Q

STERNOHYOID (Innervation)

A

Anterior ramus C1-C3 via Ansa Cervicalis

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30
Q

STERNOHYOID (Action)

A

Depress Hyoid after swallowing

31
Q

OMOHYOID (Origin/Insertion)

A

INFERIOR Belly - superior border scapula, medial suprascapular notch
… BLENDS INTO TENDON …
SUPERIOR Belly - ascends from intermediate tendon to Hyoid body

32
Q

OMOHYOID (Innervation)

A

Anterior ramus C1-C3, via Ansa Cervicalis

33
Q

OMOHYOID (Action)

A

Depress and fixes Hyoid

34
Q

THYROHYOID (Origin)

A

~ Deep to Omohyoid and Sternohyoid
Oblique line Thyroid Cartilage

35
Q

THYROHYOID (Insertion)

A

Greater horn Hyoid

36
Q

THYROHYOlD (Innervation)

A

Anterior ramus C1

37
Q

THYROHYOID (Action)

A

Depresses Hyoid
Raises larynx when Hyoid fixed

38
Q

STERNOTHYROID (Origin)

A

~ Fibres blend with Thyrohyoid
Posterior surface manubrium

39
Q

STERNOTHYROID (Insertion)

A

Oblique line thyroid cartilage

40
Q

STERNOTHYROID (Innervation)

A

Anterior Ramus C1-C3, via Ansa Cervicalis

41
Q

STERNOTHYROID (Action)

A

Depress Hyoid
Draws larynx forward

42
Q

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE NECK

A

Boundaries:
LATERALLY- SternocIeidomastoid
SUPERIORLY - Inferior border mandible
MEDIALLY - Midline neck
4 TRIANGLES:
1. Submandibular
2. Submental
3. Muscular
4. Carotid

43
Q

SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE (Boundaries)

A

~ Paired triangle
SUPERIORLY- Interior border mandible
MEDIALLY- midline neck
INFERIORLY - Anterior/Posterior Bellies Digastric

44
Q

SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE (Contents)

A

Submandibular gland
Submandibular lymph nodes
Hypoglossal Nerve
Mylohyoid Nerve
Facial Artery
Facial Vein

45
Q

SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE (Boundaries)

A

~ Unpaired triangle
INFERIORLY - Hyoid
MEDIALLY - midline neck
LATERALLY - Anterior belly Digastric

46
Q

SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE (Contents)

A

Submental lymph nodes
Tributaries forming Anterior Jugular Vein

47
Q

MUSCULAR TRIANGLE (Boundaries)

A

~ Unpaired triangle
SUPERIORLY - Hyoid
MEDIALLY - midline neck
INFERIORLY - Anterior border SternocIeidomastoid and Superior Belly Omohyoid

48
Q

MUSCULAR TRIANGLE (Contents)

A

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyroid and Parathyroid glands
Pharynx

49
Q

CAROTID TRIANGLE (Boundaries)

A

ANTEROINFERIORLY - Superior Belly Omohyoid
MEDIALLY - midline neck
POSTERIORLY - Anterior border Sternocleidomastoid
SUPERIOR - Stylohyoid and Posterior Belly Digastric

50
Q

CAROTID TRIANGLE (Contents)

A

Tributaries forming Common Facial Vein
External Carotid Artery
Internal Carotid Artery
Internal Jugular Vein
Cervical branch Facial Nerve
Vagus Nerve
Hypoglossal Nerve
Accessory Spinal Nerve
Superior thyroid
Pharyngeal Artery
Lingual Artery
Facial Artery
Occipital Artery

51
Q

NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES (ANTERIOR TRIANGLES)

A

Carotid System
Internal Jugular Vein
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Vagus Nerve
Accessory Nerve

52
Q

ANSA CERVICALIS

A

Loop Nerve fibres C1-C3
Innervates Infrahyoid muscles
Begins C1 Anterior ramus joins Hypoglossal Nerve
Nerve fibres pass between IJV and ICA
Form Superior Root Ansa Cervicalis
Completing loop direct branch Cervical Plexus (C2-C3 Anterior Ramus)
Form Inferior Root Ansa Cervical is
Descends Medial/Lateral Internal Jugular Vein, turning Medially join Superior Root

53
Q

POSTERIOR TRIANGLE NECK (Boundaries)

A

ANTERIOR - Posterior edge SternocIeidomastoid
POSTERIOR- Anterior border Trapezius
BASE - Middle 1/3 Clavicle
APEX - Occipital bone (Posterior to Mastoid Process)
ROOF- investing layer fascia
FLOOR - muscular floor in prevertebral fascia
~ splenius capitis
~ levator scapulae
~ posterior scalene
~ middle scalene
~ anterior scalene
Occipital and Subclavian Triangle (by superior belly Omohyoid muscle)

54
Q

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (Origin)

A

STERNAL Head - Anterior surface manubrium
CLAVICULAR Head - Medial 1/3 Clavicle

55
Q

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (Insertion)

A

STERNAL Head- Lateral 1/2 superior nuchal line
CLAVICULAR Head - Lateral surface mastoid process

56
Q

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (Innervation)

A

Accessory Spinal Nerve (branch C2-C3)

57
Q

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (Action)

A

INDIVIDUALLY - tilt head to shoulder
TOGETHER- draws head forward

58
Q

ANTERIOR SCALENE (Origin)

A

Anterior tubercle transverse process C3-C6

59
Q

ANTERIOR SCALENE (Insertion)

A

Scalene tubercle
Upper surface Rib 1

60
Q

ANTERIOR SCALENE (Innervation)

A

Anterior rami C4-C7

61
Q

ANTERIOR SCALENE (ACTION)

A

Elevation Rib 1

62
Q

MIDDLE SCALENE (Origin)

A

Transverse Process C2- C7

63
Q

MIDDLE SCALENE (Insertion)

A

Upper surface Rib 1
Posterior to groove for Subclavian Artery

64
Q

MIDDLE SCALENE (Innervation)

A

Anterior Rami C3-C7

65
Q

MIDDLE SCALENE (Action)

A

Elevation Rib 1

66
Q

POSTERIOR SCALENE (Origin)

A

Posterior tubercles transverse process C4- C6

67
Q

POSTERIOR SCALENE (Insertion)

A

Upper surface Rib 2

68
Q

POSTERIOR SCALENE (Innervation)

A

Anterior Rami C5- C7

69
Q

POSTERIOR SCALENE (Action)

A

Elevation Rib 2

70
Q

NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES - POSTERIOR TRIANGLE NECK

A

External Jugular Vein
Subclavian Artery
Cutaneous Nerve

71
Q

EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

A

Cross SternocIeidomastoid
Descends lower part triangle
Pierces investing layer cervical fascia
Drain into Subclavian vein

72
Q

SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

A

Scalene muscle divides!
1ST PART
Ascends medial border anterior scalene
2ND PART
Laterally between Anterion /Middle Scalene
3RD PART
Between Anterior/Middle scalene, crosses base triangle

73
Q

CUTANEOUS NERVE

A

LESSER OCCIPITAL NERVE - C2
Ascends posterior border Sternocleidomastoid
supplies skin on neck, scalp and behind ear
GREATER AURICULAR NERVE - C2, C3
Ascends Posterior border Sternocleidomastoid
supplies skin over parotid and mastoid region
TRANSVERSE CERVICAL NERVE - C2, C3
Around midpart Sternocleidomastoid
Supplies lateral and anterior parts neck

Musculoskeletal System (17 decks)

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