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Anatomy > Muscles of Face and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Muscles of Face and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what are the layers of the scalp

A

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose CT
Pericranium

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2
Q

where does scalping cleave?

A

the LCT

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3
Q

why is scalping dangerous

A

infection spreads easily in the LCT layer
dangerous because of connections with emissary veins that drain to veins inside the skull

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4
Q

what nerve innervates facial muscles

A

Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII

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5
Q

attachments and function of occipitofrontalis

A

occipital bone -> occipital belly -> epicranial aponeurosis -> frontal belly -> forehead skin
raises eyebrows

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6
Q

attachments and function of nasalis

A

maxilla near medial orbit -> alar cartilage of nose
flares nostril

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7
Q

attachments and function of orbicularis oculi

A

medial orbit->skin around orbit and eyelids
outer ring closes eye forcefully
inner ring closes gently

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8
Q

attachments and function of procerus

A

nasal cartilage -> skin between eyebrows
transverse wrinkle between eyes

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9
Q

attachments and function of orbicularis oris

A

medial maxilla, mandible, modiolus -> skin of lips
close, protrude lips

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10
Q

attachments and function of zygomaticus minor and major

A

zygomatic arch -> skin of upper lip
elevate, retract upper lip

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11
Q

attachments and function of levator anguli oris

A

maxilla near canines -> modiolus
elevate angle of the mouth

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12
Q

attachments and function of levator labii superioris

A

maxilla near inferior orbit -> skin of upper lip
elevate, retract upper lip

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13
Q

attachments and function of buccinator

A

mandible, maxilla, pterygomandicular raphe -> modiolus
presses cheek against teeth, resist distension, sphincter of parotid duct

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14
Q

how does the buccinator act as a sphincter for the parotid duct

A

parotid duct perforates buccinator bringing saliva from parotid salivary gland into oral cavity, if blowing air into cheeks buccinator prevents air entering duct

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15
Q

attachments and function of depressor anguli oris

A

mandible->modiolus
depress inferior lips

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16
Q

attachments and function of depressor labii inferioris

A

mandile -> skin of lower lip
depress, retract lower lip

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17
Q

attachments and function of mentalis

A

mandible near incisors -> skin of chin
elevate, protrude lower lip

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18
Q

attachments and function of platysma

A

supraclavicular skin -> mandible, skin of lower lip
depress mandible, tense skin on neck

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19
Q

what path does the facial nerve take

A

internal acoustic meatus -> facial canal -> stylomastoid foramen
enters parotid salivary gland and divides into 5 terminal branches

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20
Q

what are the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve

A

Two Zebras Bought My Car
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

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21
Q

what is the cause of Bell’s palsy

A

idiopathic
maybe virus? inflammation, oedema, compression, ischaemia of nerve in bony facial canal

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22
Q

what are the signs of bell’s palsy

A

facial muscle paralysis, ptosis, dry mouth/eye (lacrimal gland) taste alteration, hyperacusis

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23
Q

what potential treatments are there for Bell’s palsy

A

steroids, eyedrops, tape eye closed at night

24
Q

what is the action and uses of Botox

A

Botulinum toxin
blocks Ach release at NMJ
crows feet - orbicularis oculi
horizontal forehead wrinkles, frontalis
stabisimus crossed eyes
hyperhidrosis excessive sweating

25
Q

what are the potential side effects of botox spreading

A

muscle weakness, double vision, trouble breathin, swallowing

26
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there

A

12 pairs

27
Q

what is the only motor ONLY cranial nerve

A

spinal accessory nerve

28
Q

describe the olfactory nerve (path and function)

A

cranial nerve 1
innervate nasal mucosa for sense of smell
pass superiorly through cribriform plate -> enter olfactory bulb -> signals travel back to brain via olfactory tract

29
Q

describe the optic nerve (path and fucntion)

A

cranial nerve 2
sensory nerves of the retina travel to the brain via optic nerves
may cross at optic chiasm
travel in the optic tracts back to the brain

30
Q

what are cranial nerves 3,4 and 6

A

oculomotor, trochlear and abducens

31
Q

what is the function of cranial nerves 3,4,6

A

control the 6 muscles that move the eye
construct the pupil
3,4,6 make my eyes do tricks

32
Q

what is the name of cranial nerve 5

A

trigeminal

33
Q

describe the trigeminal nerve

A

forms a ganglion either side of the pituitary fossa and divides into V1,2,3

34
Q

what is the function of V1-3

A

sensory innervation
face, orbital/nasal/oral cavities, sinuses, anterior tongue, teeth, meninges

35
Q

what is the function of V3

A

motor innervation:
muscles of mastication, mylohyoid and digastric and 2 small muscles in ear and palate

36
Q

sensory innervation divisions of the divisions of trigeminal nerve

A

supraorbital nerve - skin of forehead
branches of nasociliary - tip of nose
infraorbital - skin inferior to eye
lingual - anterior tongue
mental - skin of chin

37
Q

describe the shingles

A

patient history of varicella caused by varicella zoster virus
virus lies dormant in a sensory nerve
virus reactivates if immune system is depressed->herbes zoster in area supplied by nerve

38
Q

what is cranial nerve 7 called

A

facial nerve

39
Q

describe the facial nerve (path)

A

enters internal acoustic meatus ->facial canal -> exits via stylomastoid foramen

40
Q

what does the facial nerve supply

A

muscles of facial expression

41
Q

what do the branches of the facial nerve supply

A

stapedius
digastric and stylohyoid muscles
taste (ant. tongue)
parasympathetic to: submandibular salivary gland and lacrimal gland of eye

42
Q

what is cranial nerve 8

A

vestibulocochlear

43
Q

describe the path and function of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

inters internal acoustic meatus -> inner ear
supplies organs of balance (vestibule) and hearing (cochlea)

44
Q

What is cranial nerve 9

A

glossopharyngeal

45
Q

describe the glossopharyngeal nerve (path)

A

exits jugular foramen->rungs alongside stylopharyngeus muscle->enters pharynx and contributes to pharyngeal plexus

46
Q

what innervation does glossopharyngeal give

A

sensory: pharynx and posterior tongue, carotid sinus, carotid body
taste: posterior tongue
motor: stylopharyngeus
parasympathetic to parotid salivary gland

47
Q

where does the stylopharyngeus run from

A

styloid process to blend in with muscular pharynx

48
Q

what is cranial nerve 10

A

vagus

49
Q

describe the vagus nerve path

A

exits via the jugular foramen
runs down the neck between major vessels
continues into thorax and abdomen to supply parasympathetic innervation

50
Q

where are the motor branches of the vagus nerve to

A

motor branches to: palate, pharynx and larynx

51
Q

what is cranial nerve 11

A

spinal accessory nerve

52
Q

describe the spinal accessory nerve path

A

technically arises from spinal cord
passes up through foramen magnum and enters jugular foramen
runs with carotid artery down neck and innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

53
Q

what is cranial nerve 7

A

hypoglossal

54
Q

describe the path of the hypoglossal nerve

A

exits hypoglossal canal
runs anteriorly toward submandibular triangle of neck

55
Q

what does the hypoglossal nerve give innervation to

A

hypoglossus
genioglossus
styloglossus
intrinsic tongue muscles

Anatomy (6 decks)

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