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Anatomy > Cavities and Pharynx > Flashcards

Cavities and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

where is the meatus found in the nose

A

inferior to each concha

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2
Q

what are the paranasal cavities

A

4 paired muscosa-lined spaces that drain to the nasal cavity

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3
Q

what are the 4 paranasal cavities and where do they drain to

A

Sphenoid->sphenoethmoidal recess
ethmoid-> superior meatus (some middle)
maxillary -> middle meatus
frontal-> middle meatus

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4
Q

what is the vascular supply to the nasal cavity

A

ant. and post. ethmoidal
sphenopalatine
greater palatine
superior labial

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5
Q

what is the most common site for epistaxis

A

little’s area/Kisselbach’s plexus

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6
Q

what are the 3 direct and indirect branches of external carotid artery

A

Sphenopalatine, greater palatine, superior labial

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7
Q

what is the function of tensor and levator veli palatini

A

tense and elevate palate respectively

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8
Q

what is the attachment and action of the palatoglossus

A

palate->tongue
brings tongue and soft palate together

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9
Q

what is the attachment and action of the palatopharyngeus

A

palate->lateral wall of pharynx
raise pharynx during swallowing

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10
Q

what is the mechanism for cleft palate or lip

A

in embryo, nasal and oral cavities not separated
primary palate grows from ant. wall
secondary palate grows from lateral walls
merge in midline to form palate
failure to do so -> cleft lip/palate

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11
Q

what are the 4 suprahyoid muscles

A

digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid

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12
Q

what is the action of the suprahyoid muscles

A

raise hyoid or depress mandible depending on what is fixed

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13
Q

what are the 3 paired salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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14
Q

describe the parotid gland

A

largest, anterior to ear, facial nerve branches within gland
->duct pierces buccinator and opens next to upper molars

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15
Q

describe the submandibular gland

A

wraps around the posterior edge of mylohyoid
->duct runs anteromedially to open either side of lingual frenulum
lies superior to lingual nerve -> DUCk lies on the Lake

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16
Q

describe the sublingual gland

A

u shaped ridge in floor of mouth, several ducts and openings

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17
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the tongue

A

styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus
intrinsic muscles

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18
Q

what are the attachments and functions of styloglossus

A

styloid process -> tongue
retraction, elevate sides

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19
Q

what are the attachments and functions of hyoglossus

A

hyoid -> tongue
depression, retraction

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20
Q

what are the attachments and functions of genioglossus

A

chin (internally)->tongue and hyoid
depression, protrusion, deviation to one side

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21
Q

what are the attachments and functions of intrinsic muscles of tongue

A

tongue -> tongue
alter tongue shape

22
Q

what innervates the muscles of the tongue

A

cranial nerve 7 - hypoglossal

23
Q

what divides the tongue

A

sulcus terminalis

24
Q

what is the innervation posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

9 - taste and sensation
12 motor

25
Q

what is the innervation for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

7- taste
5- sensation
12 motor

26
Q

what are the 3 parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

27
Q

where is the nasopharynx

A

choanae to the uvula of the soft palate

28
Q

where is the oropharynx

A

uvula of the soft palate to the epiglottis

29
Q

where is the laryngopharynx

A

from the epilottis to the level of C6

30
Q

what is the choanae

A

opening at the back of the nasal cavity into the pharynx

31
Q

what are the boundaries of the choanae

A

anteriorly and inferiorly by the horizontal plate of palatine bone
sup. and post. by the sphenoid bone
laterally by medial pterygoid plates
medially by vomer

32
Q

what are fauces

A

opening at the back of the oral cavity into the pharynx

33
Q

what are the 2 types of muscle groups in the pharynx

A

circular/constrictor muscles
longitudinal muscles

34
Q

what are the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx and their action

A

Superior constrictor
middle constrictor
inferior
action: contract sequentially to construct the lumen, propel boli inferiorly

35
Q

what are the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx and their action

A

3 paired muscles. stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus
elevate larynx during swallowing/shorten pharynx during swallowing

36
Q

describe the hyoid bone

A

u shaped
does not articulate with any other bones
held in place by muscles and ligaments

37
Q

what nerve supplies the circular/constrictor muscles

A

CNX

38
Q

what is Killian’s dehiscence

A

area between the cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus

39
Q

what is Zenker’s diverticulum

A

‘pocket’ of mucosa that erupts via Killian’s dehiscence

40
Q

what nerve innervates stylopharyngeus

A

CNIX

41
Q

what nerve innervates salpingopharyngeus

A

cnx

42
Q

what nerve innervates palatopharyngeus

A

CNX

43
Q

describe the nasopharynx

A

1st part of pharynx
post. to nasal cavity and sup. to soft palate
communicates inf. with oropharynx through pharyngeal isthmus
forms upper respiratory passage
walls immovable and non-collapsable
deficient anteriorly - choanae

44
Q

what are the contents of the nasopharynx

A

tubal tonsils
pharyngeal tonsils
opening of eustachian tubes

45
Q

describe the oropharynx

A
46
Q

what are the contents of the oropharynx

A

posterior 1/3 of tongue
palatine tonsils
lingual tonsils

47
Q

what is Waldeyer’s ring

A

tonsils form a ring of lymphoid tissue around the airway

48
Q

4 tonsils around Waldeyer’s ring

A

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
tubal
palatine
lingual

49
Q

describe the laryngopharynx

A
50
Q

what are the contents of the laryngopharynx

A

post. 1/3 of tongue
palatine tonsils
lingual tonsils

51
Q

describe the laryngeal inlet

A

larynx lies anteriorly in the laryngopharynx and is slightly invaginated
causes formation of recesses
-piriform fossae laterally and vallecula anteriorly

Anatomy (6 decks)

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