Cavities and Pharynx

Question 1

where is the meatus found in the nose

Answer 1

inferior to each concha

Question 2

what are the paranasal cavities

Answer 2

4 paired muscosa-lined spaces that drain to the nasal cavity

Question 3

what are the 4 paranasal cavities and where do they drain to

Answer 3

Sphenoid->sphenoethmoidal recess
ethmoid-> superior meatus (some middle)
maxillary -> middle meatus
frontal-> middle meatus

Question 4

what is the vascular supply to the nasal cavity

Answer 4

ant. and post. ethmoidal
sphenopalatine
greater palatine
superior labial

Question 5

what is the most common site for epistaxis

Answer 5

little’s area/Kisselbach’s plexus

Question 6

what are the 3 direct and indirect branches of external carotid artery

Answer 6

Sphenopalatine, greater palatine, superior labial

Question 7

what is the function of tensor and levator veli palatini

Answer 7

tense and elevate palate respectively

Question 8

what is the attachment and action of the palatoglossus

Answer 8

palate->tongue
brings tongue and soft palate together

Question 9

what is the attachment and action of the palatopharyngeus

Answer 9

palate->lateral wall of pharynx
raise pharynx during swallowing

Question 10

what is the mechanism for cleft palate or lip

Answer 10

in embryo, nasal and oral cavities not separated
primary palate grows from ant. wall
secondary palate grows from lateral walls
merge in midline to form palate
failure to do so -> cleft lip/palate

Question 11

what are the 4 suprahyoid muscles

Answer 11

digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid

Question 12

what is the action of the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 12

raise hyoid or depress mandible depending on what is fixed

Question 13

what are the 3 paired salivary glands

Answer 13

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 14

describe the parotid gland

Answer 14

largest, anterior to ear, facial nerve branches within gland
->duct pierces buccinator and opens next to upper molars

Question 15

describe the submandibular gland

Answer 15

wraps around the posterior edge of mylohyoid
->duct runs anteromedially to open either side of lingual frenulum
lies superior to lingual nerve -> DUCk lies on the Lake

Question 16

describe the sublingual gland

Answer 16

u shaped ridge in floor of mouth, several ducts and openings

Question 17

what are the 4 muscles of the tongue

Answer 17

styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus
intrinsic muscles

Question 18

what are the attachments and functions of styloglossus

Answer 18

styloid process -> tongue
retraction, elevate sides

Question 19

what are the attachments and functions of hyoglossus

Answer 19

hyoid -> tongue
depression, retraction

Question 20

what are the attachments and functions of genioglossus

Answer 20

chin (internally)->tongue and hyoid
depression, protrusion, deviation to one side

Question 21

what are the attachments and functions of intrinsic muscles of tongue

Answer 21

tongue -> tongue
alter tongue shape

Question 22

what innervates the muscles of the tongue

Answer 22

cranial nerve 7 - hypoglossal

Question 23

what divides the tongue

Answer 23

sulcus terminalis

Question 24

what is the innervation posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 24

9 - taste and sensation
12 motor

Question 25

what is the innervation for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 25

7- taste 5- sensation 12 motor

Question 26

what are the 3 parts of the pharynx

Answer 26

nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx

Question 27

where is the nasopharynx

Answer 27

choanae to the uvula of the soft palate

Question 28

where is the oropharynx

Answer 28

uvula of the soft palate to the epiglottis

Question 29

where is the laryngopharynx

Answer 29

from the epilottis to the level of C6

Question 30

what is the choanae

Answer 30

opening at the back of the nasal cavity into the pharynx

Question 31

what are the boundaries of the choanae

Answer 31

anteriorly and inferiorly by the horizontal plate of palatine bone sup. and post. by the sphenoid bone laterally by medial pterygoid plates medially by vomer

Question 32

what are fauces

Answer 32

opening at the back of the oral cavity into the pharynx

Question 33

what are the 2 types of muscle groups in the pharynx

Answer 33

circular/constrictor muscles longitudinal muscles

Question 34

what are the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx and their action

Answer 34

Superior constrictor middle constrictor inferior action: contract sequentially to construct the lumen, propel boli inferiorly

Question 35

what are the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx and their action

Answer 35

3 paired muscles. stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus elevate larynx during swallowing/shorten pharynx during swallowing

Question 36

describe the hyoid bone

Answer 36

u shaped does not articulate with any other bones held in place by muscles and ligaments

Question 37

what nerve supplies the circular/constrictor muscles

Answer 37

CNX

Question 38

what is Killian's dehiscence

Answer 38

area between the cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus

Question 39

what is Zenker's diverticulum

Answer 39

'pocket' of mucosa that erupts via Killian's dehiscence

Question 40

what nerve innervates stylopharyngeus

Answer 40

CNIX

Question 41

what nerve innervates salpingopharyngeus

Answer 41

cnx

Question 42

what nerve innervates palatopharyngeus

Answer 42

CNX

Question 43

describe the nasopharynx

Answer 43

1st part of pharynx post. to nasal cavity and sup. to soft palate communicates inf. with oropharynx through pharyngeal isthmus forms upper respiratory passage walls immovable and non-collapsable deficient anteriorly - choanae

Question 44

what are the contents of the nasopharynx

Answer 44

tubal tonsils pharyngeal tonsils opening of eustachian tubes

Question 45

describe the oropharynx

Question 46

what are the contents of the oropharynx

Answer 46

posterior 1/3 of tongue palatine tonsils lingual tonsils

Question 47

what is Waldeyer's ring

Answer 47

tonsils form a ring of lymphoid tissue around the airway

Question 48

4 tonsils around Waldeyer's ring

Answer 48

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) tubal palatine lingual

Question 49

describe the laryngopharynx

Question 50

what are the contents of the laryngopharynx

Answer 50

post. 1/3 of tongue palatine tonsils lingual tonsils

Question 51

describe the laryngeal inlet

Answer 51

larynx lies anteriorly in the laryngopharynx and is slightly invaginated causes formation of recesses -piriform fossae laterally and vallecula anteriorly